WATER & pH. Fun Facts 50-95% of weight of living things Only common substance that exists in solid, liquid and gas forms If earth was smooth, depth of.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Water Properties (2.2) Part 1
Advertisements

Water and the Environment
M. Saadatian Water 1. Water Water contributes to the fitness of the environment to support life. Life on earth probably.
Biology 107 Water September 2, Water Student Objectives:As a result of this lecture and the assigned reading, you should understand the following:
Biology 107 Water September 1, Water Student Objectives:As a result of this lecture and the assigned reading, you should understand the following:
Why are we spending so much money going to Mars? Gusev Crater on Mars (taken by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit on Jan. 10, 2004.
August 29, 2005 Biology 107 Water. Water Student Objectives:As a result of this lecture and the assigned reading, you should understand the following:
Basic Chemistry for Biology Water and Solutions. Water’s Life Supporting Properties Important to all living things 1.Moderation of temperature 2.Lower.
Water.  Water is the biological medium on Earth  All living organisms require water more than any other substance  Most cells are surrounded by water,
Water and Fitness in the Environment
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Dangerous Chemicals
50-95% of any functioning living system. 98% of water on earth is in liquid form.
CHAPTER 2 Water and Life
Honors Bio Ms. Napolitano
Chapter 3: WATER AND THE FITNESS OF THE ENVIRONMENT.
Water and the Fitness of the Environment Chapter 3 Biology – Campbell Reece.
WATER’S LIFE-SUPPORTING PROPERTIES. Water’s polarity leads to hydrogen bonding and other unusual properties The charged regions on water molecules are.
Figure 3.2 Hydrogen bonds between water molecules Evolution Living cells are 70-95% H2O H2O covers 3/4 of the planet Solid Liquid Gas Polarity and H-bonds.
NOTES: 2.2 – Properties of Water. Water Overview… Water is perhaps the most important compound in living organisms Because so many substances can dissolve.
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment.
10/8/14 Objective: What are the properties of water? Do Now: Take out your HW Chapter 4: The Chemical Basis of Life.
Happy Wednesday 9/2/15 Hand in Mealworm lab Chemistry Quiz
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment 1.
Water.
4.4 Water Properties. Properties of Water Result of H 2 O – being a polar molecule- Oxygen end has a slight negative charge; Hydrogen end has a slight.
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment.
Water. Water  2 Hydrogen atoms + 1 Oxygen atom covalently bonded (polar)  Makes up 70-95% of living things, covers 75% of Earth  DRAW and LABEL this.
Water and the Fitness of the Environment Chapter 3.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
CH. 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment. The Effects of Water’s Polarity The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding Organisms.
1 Water and the Fitness of the Environment chapter 3.
Water and the Fitness of the Environment
10T2K © Water and pH. Thing 1: Water is polar Water is a polar molecule. That is, it has a negative end (at the oxygen) and a positive end (at each hydrogen).
The Science of Water in the Living World. Water is a polar molecule. Polar Molecule: a molecule that has a slightly positive side and a slightly negative.
WATER AND THE FITNESS OF THE ENVIRONMENT WATER. Chemistry of water Water is a POLAR molecule. This means it has covalent bonds that do not share electrons.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings AP Biology Ch. 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment.
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment Mr. Karns AP biology notes.
Water is a Polar Molecule! What is the molecular formula of water? Draw water and label it. Place a negative sign by oxygen and a positive sign by the.
Water ä Water is necessary for life ä Life evolved in water.
Chapter 3 Water. 1. Overview H2OH2O Exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor required by living things cells surrounded by water cells 70-90% water Earth.
Water and the Fitness of the Environment (for life) Chapter 3.
Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment.
Water – pg 5 Chapter Overview H 2 O Water is required by all living things – makes life possible Cells are surrounded by water Cells are 70-90%
Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment
NOTES: 2.2 – Properties of Water
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
….. And the Reasons Water is So Special
Ch. 2 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Properties of Water.
NOTES: 2.2 – Properties of Water
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
From Molecules to Organisms: Structure & Processes
Chapter 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
4.4 Water Properties.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Ch. 3 Warm-Up What property of water allows a water strider to “walk” on water? Contrast adhesion and cohesion. Give an example of each. Contrast hydrophobic.
Chapter 2: The Molecules of Cells
Presentation transcript:

WATER & pH

Fun Facts 50-95% of weight of living things Only common substance that exists in solid, liquid and gas forms If earth was smooth, depth of water would be 2.5m 98% of water is in liquid form –2% polar, glacial, soil, atmosphere, organisms –Most evaporation is from oceans

Special Properties Cohesion/ Adhesion High surface tension High specific heat –required to heat 1g of water 1 degree C High boiling point High heat of vaporization –Heat required to convert 1 g of water to water vapor – 580 cal Ice floats Versatile Solvent

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

Water transport in plants COHESION & ADHESION

Walking on water HIGH SURFACE TENSION: RESULT OF H-BONDS

Evaporative cooling

The structure of ice

ICE FLOATS BECAUSE IT IS LESS DENSE

Ice, water, and steam WATER IS MOST DENSE AT 4 DEGREES C WaterIceSteam

Ice floats and frozen benzene sinks

Floating ice and the fitness of the environment

A crystal of table salt dissolving in water WATER DISSOLVES POLAR AND CHARGED MOLECULES

A water-soluble protein

Dissociation Dissociation of water: –H 2 O H + + OH - Dissociation of other things: –Ex: HCl H + + Cl - Acids yield H + ions Bases yield OH - ions

Chemical reaction: hydrogen bond shift

pH Aqueous 25 o C –[H + ][OH - ] = –[ ] = molar concentration pH = -log [H + ] pOH = -log [OH - ] Ex: neutral solution, [H + ] = –pH = -log [10 -7 ] = -(-7) = 7

pH Each step in pH scale is an order of magnitude (x10)

The effects of acid precipitation on a forest

Pulp mill

Acid rain damage to statuary, 1908 & 1968

Buffers Minimize changes in pH –Accepts H+ in excess –donates H+ when depleted Weak acid and corresponding base Example: H 2 CO 3 HCO H + Rise in pH Drop in pH

Water Movement Water potential – –Potential energy of water molecules gravity, pressure, conc. of solutes, etc. –Movement from a region of greater potential to a region of lower water potential Osmotic potential – –Movement across a selectively permeable membrane –Determined by measuring the pressure required to stop the osmotic movement of water in the solution

Water Movement Water moves across a selectively permeable membrane From a region of:To a region of: Higher water potentialLower water potential Lower solute conc.Higher solute conc. Hypotonic soln. (less solute) Hypertonic soln. (more solute) Lower osmotic potentialHigher osmotic potential

Question 1 Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? A.Water’s change in density when it condenses B.Water’s ability to dissolve molecules in the air C.The release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds D.The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds E.Water’s high surface tension

Question 2 The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are A.Ionic bonds B.Bonds between water molecules C.Bonds between atoms within individual water molecules D.Polar covalent bonds E.Nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 3 Which of the following is an example of a hydrophobic material? A.Paper B.Table salt C.Wax D.Sugar E.Pasta

Question 4 Acid precipitation has lowered the pH of a particular lake to 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake? A.4.0 M B M C M D.10 4 M E.4%

Question 5 What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake described above? A M B M C M D M E.10 M

Summary Polarity of water results in H-bonding –Water’s special properties Organisms depend on cohesion of water –Pull water up plant vessels –Surface tension Water moderates temperatures on earth –High specific heat –Evaporative cooling/ high heat of vaporization Ice floats –Lakes and oceans don’t freeze, life goes on under ice Water is the solvent of life –Dissolves charged/ polar substances