Physical and Chemical Properties Chapter 5 Section 1

Physical Properties  Any characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance  Senses can be used to describe the appearance of the substance ( ex: color, smell, texture, etc.)

Common Physical Properties  1. State of Matter  Tells if substance is a solid, liquid or gas  The substance is made of the same thing no matter what phase it is in

Common Physical Properties  2. Volume  Tells how much space an object takes up  Can be measured using a water displacement  Can be calculated using length x width x height for box-shaped objects  Units are milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cm 3 )

Common Physical Properties  3. Mass  The amount of matter in an object  Measured using a balance  Does not change with location  Units are kilograms (kg)

Common Physical Properties  Weight  The amount of gravity pulling on an object  Can change with location  Measured with a spring scale  Units are Newtons (N)

Are you paying attention? A 75 kg astronaut goes to the moon. What is his mass on earth? What is his mass on earth? What is his mass on the moon?

Common Physical Properties 5555. Density TTTTells how much matter is in a certain amount of space DDDDensity = mass/volume UUUUnits are g/cm3 or g/mL D m v

6666. Solubility TTTTells how many grams of a substance will dissolve in 100 grams of water TTTTemperature must be held constant when measuring solubility

 7. Melting Point  The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid  Same temperature as freezing point

Common Physical Properties  8. Boiling Point  The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas  Same temperature as condensation point

Common Physical Properties  9. Magnetism  Some materials are naturally magnetic and attract iron  Magnetite and lodestone are examples of magnetic rocks

Common Physical Properties 9999. Magnetism SSSSome materials are naturally magnetic and attract iron MMMMagnetite and lodestone are examples of magnetic rocks

Chemical Properties The substance must be changed to observe a chemical property The substance must be changed to observe a chemical property Common Chemical Properties Common Chemical Properties –1. Flammability – the ability to burn –2. reactivity – how strongly one substance reacts with another substance