Kevin Angle April 17, 2003 Mechanical Option Faculty Consultant – Mr. Freihaut ALLEGIS GROUP HEADQUARTERS

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems  How do they work?  Site Selection (Soil Analysis)  Pond Requirements  Design Conditions Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Existing Conditions Building Location – Hanover, MD (Anne Arundel County) Size – 3 Story Office Building 107,000 square feet Tenants a)Allegis Group b)Aerotek Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Building Features and Project Team Features – “Vanilla” Building 2 main wings – east and west wing Mechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Existing Mechanical System COOLING 271 VAV Boxes (6) Water Cooled Self-Contained AHU’s - (2) per floor - approx. 18,000 cfm each 2 – 181 Ton Rooftop Cooling Towers HEATING 2 Cast Iron Sectional Boilers in Penthouse Perimeter Baseboard Heat w/ VAV Reheat Coils Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

What does Geothermal mean to you? Mainly used in residential sector Also referred to as ground-source heat pump (GSHP) Utilizes the constant temperature of the earth to serve as heat sink/source Extract heat or reject heat as needed 3 types of systems - Ground Heat Exchanger GSHP - Groundwater GSHP - Surface-Water Closed Loop GSHP Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems  How do they work?  Site Selection (Soil Analysis)  Pond Requirements Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Surface Water Systems How do they work? Utilize coils or circuits inside ponds to act as heat exchanger Headers connected to pumps inside building to distribute required amount of gpm to each heat pump Heat pumps provide cooling/heating requirements for entire building loads Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Surface Water Systems Site Selection for Construction of a Pond Soil Analysis Kevin Angle

Surface Water Systems Construction of a Pond Preparation of SitePreparation of Site Foundation of a PondFoundation of a Pond Building a CoreBuilding a Core CompactionCompaction PlantingPlanting Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Surface Water Systems Pond Requirements Minimum of 10 feet depth requirement - eliminates chance of body of water becoming destratified - eliminates chance of body of water becoming destratified - allows for drought seasons to not affect coils Aesthetic Reasons Storm Water Retention (Environmental Permits) Existing Pond Information from Landscape Architect Existing Pond – 25 feet in depth → O.K Area of Pond – impact on cooling load Approximate Dimensions (180 x 120 ) = sq. ft → O.K not ideal Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems  How do they work?  Site Selection (Soil Analysis)  Pond Requirements Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Building Layout Zoning the building / Calculating the Loads = 159 Tons of Cooling Zoning the building / Calculating the Loads = 159 Tons of Cooling Selection of Equipment Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Type of Pipe - High Density Polyethylene Pipe - resistance to corrosion - flexibility to withstand slight movement - fusion process between connections Use of Antifreeze – 20% Methanol - prevention of freezing - minimal harmful effects Calculation of antifreeze → 91 gallons Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Total of 16 runouts with 10 circuits per runout Coil Calculations / Layout Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Runout Sizing Anchoring Spools in Pond - Use of Concrete anchors - Propping 2 feet above pond floor - Submerged below surface 6-8 feet above floor Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Interior Piping / Heat Pump Layout – Reverse Return loop Total of 32 Heat Pumps - 6 core units - 26 perimeter units Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Pump Controls -Central pump system with variable frequency drives -Sensors placed along header piping -Constant differential pressure between exterior piping loop and interior piping loop to keep constant flow through each heat pump unit Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Ventilation Requirements -Use of existing Mechanical shaft to bring in 100% Outdoor Air -AHU’s ducted to each heat pump unit supply Outdoor Air -Mix Return Air from ceiling plenum to AHU Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems  How do they work?  Site Selection (Soil Analysis)  Pond Requirements Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Cost Analysis Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Cost Analysis **Typical Water Surface Heat Pump System costs $10-12 / sq. ft** **My system costs approximately $12.33 / sq. ft** Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Payback Period **Payback period came to between 4 and 5 years on operating and maintenance costs alone** Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Objectives Existing Conditions  Background Information  Project Team Existing Mechanical System What does Geothermal mean to you? Surface Water Systems  How do they work?  Site Selection (Soil Analysis)  Pond Requirements Redesign of Allegis Group Headquarters Cost Analysis Recommendations / Conclusions Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Recommendations / Conclusions Advantages Eliminate Cooling Towers / BoilersEliminate Cooling Towers / Boilers Removal of Traditional VAV BoxesRemoval of Traditional VAV Boxes More Mechanical Room spaceMore Mechanical Room space Energy Efficiency – as much as 3X ordinary systemEnergy Efficiency – as much as 3X ordinary system Payback Period of 4 to 5 yearsPayback Period of 4 to 5 years Environmentally Safe and friendly – use of a natural resourceEnvironmentally Safe and friendly – use of a natural resource Flexibility – has been installed in various climates and applicationsFlexibility – has been installed in various climates and applicationsDisadvantages First Cost (Cost Construction of a Pond)First Cost (Cost Construction of a Pond) Downside of a “Vanilla” BuildingDownside of a “Vanilla” Building Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Recommendations / Conclusions Deciding Factor Overall, Allegis Headquarters Pond not recommended as large enough in surface area for this amount of heating and cooling loadsOverall, Allegis Headquarters Pond not recommended as large enough in surface area for this amount of heating and cooling loads However, Surface water systems due work in similar applicationsHowever, Surface water systems due work in similar applications - needs to be developed in early design stages - coordination between designers/engineers essential - use of experienced GSHP contractor required to work Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Recommendations / Conclusions Water Furnace Headquarters Facility Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Acknowledgements Faculty Consultant - Jim Freihaut AE Professors and Faculty – Jonathan, Moses, Dr. Bahnfleth, Dr. Mumma Sharon Williams – PSU AE doesn’t know how important she is 5th year Senior Thesis Students – Tech for buying GSHP book Roommates – Tim, Courtney, Courtney, Erin My family – mother, sister, niece, aunts, uncles, and cousins Burdette, Koehler, and Murphy – Mechanical Engineering Firm in Baltimore, MD Andrew Endres, Sean MacCubbin, Dan Harlan – BKM Eileen English – Colimore Clarke and Associates Tom Rice – Daft, McCune, Walker, and Inc Brian – Morabito Consultants Kent Kuffner – Water Furnace products in Indiana In loving memory of my father, Marvin L. Angle, who passed away at the beginning of this semester on January 1, Kevin AngleMechanical Option

Questions Kevin AngleMechanical Option