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 Contributes to every dimension of wellness  Defining psychological health › Positively (presence of wellness) › Negatively (absence of sickness) 2

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Abraham Maslow’s Toward a Psychology of Being (1968) › Hierarchy of needs  Physiological needs  Safety and security  Love and belongingness  Self-esteem  Self-actualization 3

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Self-Actualization › Realism › Acceptance  Self-concept  Self-esteem › Autonomy › Authenticity › Capacity for intimacy › Creativity 4

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 Martin Seligman › Goal of positive psychology  “To find and nurture genius and talent”  “To make normal life more fulfilling” › Happiness achieved in different ways  The pleasant life  Maximizing positive emotions  The engaged life  Emotional intelligence  The meaningful life 6

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Not the same as psychological normality › Mentally normal simply means being close to average  Psychological diversity › Range of ideas, lifestyles, and attitudes  “Mentally ill” versus “mentally healthy”  Psychological health can’t be judged on outward appearance 7

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Growing up psychologically  Erik Erickson’s stages of life › Developing an adult identity  Identity crisis › Developing intimacy › Developing values and purpose in your life 8

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Developing a positive self-concept › Integration › Stability 9

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Meeting challenges to self-esteem › Challenge your self-concept  Acknowledge that something has gone wrong › Notice your patterns of thinking  Cognitive distortions › Avoid focusing on the negative › Develop realistic self-talk 10

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Defense mechanisms › Healthy and adaptive—humor, altruism  Can also be maladaptive; obscuring solutions  Being optimistic  Maintaining honest communication › Assertiveness training 11

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Dealing with loneliness  Dealing with anger › Reframe/distract › Validate/disengage 12

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Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Anxiety disorders › Specific phobia  Fear of something definite › Social phobia  Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others › Panic disorder  Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety  Agoraphobia  Panic attacks 14

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) › Excessive and uncontrolled worry about many issues › Persistent feeling of nervousness, depression  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) › Obsessions: recurrent, unwanted thoughts or impulses › Compulsions: repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions 15

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) › Reaction to a severely traumatic event › Acute stress disorder if symptoms resolve in less than a month  Treatment for anxiety disorders › Medication › Psychological interventions  Cognitive-behavioral therapy 16

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) › Inattention › Hyperactivity › Impulsivity  To be diagnosed with ADHD: › Symptoms before age 12 › Persistent pattern of behaviors  Present in two or more settings 17

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Depression › Most common mood disorder › Demoralization  Feeling of sadness and hopelessness  Loss of pleasure  Poor appetite, insomnia, restlessness  Thoughts of worthlessness  Trouble concentrating  Thoughts of death or suicide › Dysthymic disorder  Symptoms for longer than 2 years 18

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Treatment depends on severity › Drug therapy  Antidepressants  Target key neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin › Psychotherapy › Hospitalization if suicidal › Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)  Light therapy for those with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 19

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Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Mania › Mood disorder characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem  Bipolar disorder › Mental illness characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania 21

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Schizophrenia › Mental disorder that affects thinking and perceptions of reality › General characteristics  Disorganized thoughts  Inappropriate emotions  Delusions  Auditory hallucinations  Deteriorating social and work function 22

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Expressing the “wish” to be dead  Increasing social withdrawal/isolation  Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood  Previous history of attempts  Suicide by a family member or friend  Readily available means of committing suicide  History of substance abuse or eating disorders  Serious medical problems 23

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Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Biological › Pharmacological therapy  Behavioral › Stimulus, response, and reinforcement › Practice exposure  Cognitive › Ideas, attitudes, behaviors and feelings  Psychodynamic › Thoughts 25

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Evaluation of the models  Cognitive behavioral therapies 26

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) › Distress tolerance, mindfulness  Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) › Psychological flexibility 27

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Self help › Books › Writing a journal › Religious practice › Social groups  Peer counseling and support groups  Professional help › Determine the need 28