Climate Change El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)Phenomena.

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Presentation transcript:

Climate Change El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)Phenomena

El-Nino

El Nino ► Christ child ► El Nino patterns are first recognized during the Christmas season. ► Complex interactions between the Earth’s  Physical  Biological  Chemical environments

El-Nino Geography

Physical conditions ► Atmosphere ► Ocean circulation pattern  Ocean surface temperatures

The atmosphere ► Trade winds feed into,  Walker cell  Hadley cell ► Resulting precipitation patterns

Equator Sea level Thermocline Upwelling Conditions Normal Conditions Walker Cell

The Atmosphere/Ocean connection ► Feed off one another,  Makes for a very complex story  Overhead!

Pacific Ocean surface currents ► Driven by atmospheric circulation ► North Equatorial (NEC) ► South Equatorial (SEC) ► North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) ► Peru Current

SST, Sea surface temperatures ► Key identifier of a changing climate. ► Non El Nino years  Coastal Peru  Winter 18  C (25  C)  Coldest tropical water on Earth ► TAO array of moored buoys.

TAO array of moored buoys

Important subsurface currents ► Equatorial Undercurrent ► The Peru surface current and equatorial upwelling.

Upwelling along western coast of South America ► Influx of Antarctic water, August (winter). ► Brings nutrients to the surface ► Producing abundant diversity  Plankton  Anchovies  Tuna  Sea birds  Marine mammals

Warm moist air rises Cool dry air sinks IndonesiaSouth America

El Nino phenomenon leads to dramatic changes 1) Starts with: Failure of southern trade winds around December 2) Warming of the ocean off Peru 3) Decrease in bio-productivity off Peru 4) Increase in eastern Pacific rainfall 5) Decrease in western Pacific rainfall 6) Development of winds from the west

NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

El-Nino History ► Approx. 5,000 years ago the cycle begins ► Recurrence interval, 2 to 7 years ► Over the past 465 years, there have been 9 severe El-Nino events. (Avg. 1 event per 50 years)

El-Nino Bi-products ► Flooding in South America (Peru) ► Drought/wildfires in Indonesia and Australia ► Variable effects throughout the United States.

Ecuador

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