FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPROVEMENT IN INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AMONG HIGH-RISK POPULATION GROUPS IN INDIA Akash Porwal 1, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra 1, Narender Kande 2, Niranjan Saggurti 1 1 Population Council, New Delhi; 2 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 20th International AIDS Society Conference Melbourne, Australia (20–25 July 2014)

Community mobilization intervention in Avahan Mapping Outreach Health clinics Drop-in centers Committees Crisis response Entitlements Advocacy Capacity- building activities CBO development HRG interventions Structural interventions Organizational development Participation & engagement in…

Community-based organizations’ (CBOs) capacity building Leadership Organizational Management Networking Fund raising Project management

Measurement of CBO performance Program monitoring data on performance parameters is documented starting April 2012 LeadershipGovernance Project Management Community Mobilization Organization development Resource Mobilization Savings, loans & insurance Advocacy for HIV services Entitlements Crisis response system

Measurement of CBO performance: Data collection 103 CBOs 2 million estimated key populations covered Quarterly collection across 4 states of India 25 indicators across 6 domains Performance of CBO is assessed by assigning weights (score) to each indicator

Measurement of CBO performance Score for different indicators was calculated as follows: Indicators which were related to achievement in terms of CBO member numbers or estimated population; target was calculated by dividing achievement with estimated population For remaining indicators, targets were decided a priori. A score of “1” was assigned if target is achieved; otherwise “0” was assigned to the indicator Maximum scores of different domains of community mobilization Domain Weight % Maximum weighted score Organizational development Resource mobilization Savings, loan, and insurance Advocacy for HIV services Entitlement Crisis response system Total

Research hypotheses Progress in organizational development over time is likely dependent on: – Duration of CBOs registration (<5 years, 5+ years) – Size of CBO membership (<1500, members) – Location of CBO (Rural/urban) – Implementing any targeted intervention program (Yes/No)

Overall progress and performance of CBOs

Domain wise overall performance of CBOs

Resources mobilized by CBOs 83% in Q % in Q † Increasing numbers of CBOs are raising funds from external resources Around 91 CBOs in 4 Indian states raised project funds of INR 35 million ‡ + INR 700,000 generated in membership/user fees 5.5* 2011– * 2012– * 2013–14 †n=104; *Figures in million INR. ‡USD 1=INR 58. Source for figures: Population Council and Praxis, unpublished. Avahan MIS data. New Delhi, India.

Performance of CBOs based on size P=0.001

Performance of CBOs based on location P=0.003

Performance of CBOs based on duration of registration

Performance of CBOs based on implementation of TI

Summary Systematic capacity building of CBOs have shown results in improved performance of CBOs. Larger CBOs perform better compared to smaller CBOs. However, the duration of the CBO’s existence has no association with the performance. Moreover, resource mobilization is key to the success of a CBO.

Acknowledgements Avahan, the India AIDS initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation For more information: Akash Porwal, THANK YOU!

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