012 VICTORIAN GOTHIC 1830 Most successful and England’s major contribution –Individualistic –Architectural training haphazard –Prosperity 1830 – 70, many buildings constructed Development –Gothic revival to 1800 –Post 1800, gaps despite gothic scholarship –1830’s – gaps begin to bridge

HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, LONDON Barry and Pugin –Barry, classical plan, symmetrical –Pugin, asymmetrical gothic facade Contradictions –Tudor details on a classical body –Gave legitimacy and an appeal to the style

AUGUSTUS WELBY NORTHMORE PUGIN Author of “Contrasts” and “The true principles of pointed or Christian architecture”. –Synthesized gothic archaeology, French rationalist theory and Roman Catholicism (escapism) Only true architecture for England is gothic –Only pre-perpendicular was true gothic Radical functionalism –Each part assumes necessary plan and volume and must be set together in an orderly way. (all equal) Puginesque buildings –Function to plan, plan to interior volumes, interior volumes to external massing. Result is picturesque looking buildings.

HIGH VICTORIAN GOTHIC 1853 John Ruskin –Main force in survival of historicism –Author of “Seven lamps of architecture”, 1849, and “The stones of Venice” 1851 – 53 –Raged against modern age –Praised ancient buildings and craftsmen Architectural aesthetic centered on “unnecessary” features of a building.

William Butterfield Church of All Saints – 1852 –Commissioned by reform group Ecclesiological Society Sought to emphasize spirituality and provide colorful setting for clergy. –Constructed of brick for color and texture Influenced by Sienna Cathedral –Program “squeezed” onto small site Steep, vertical proportions –Interior composed of dense polychrome Patterns compete Chapel of Keble College

George Edmund Street –St. Paul’s American Church, Rome, 1873 – 76 –Law Courts Secular High Victorian Gothic –Oxford University Museum 1855 Deane and Woodward –Albert Memorial 1863 G.C. Scott