7 th English Unit 6 Ch. 22

 Each verb has four principal parts: 1. Present—walk 2. Present participle—(am) walking 3. Past—walked 4. Past participle—(have/has) walked  These principal parts are used to make verb tenses and forms

 A verb is “regular” if it follows the rule or pattern  To form the past and past participle of regular verbs add -ed or -d to the present form.

 Verbs are irregular if the past and past participle are NOT formed by adding -ed or -d to the end of the present form  Pages give examples of these irregular verbs

 Verb tense—the form of a verb that shows when something happens or when something exists  Principal parts used for each tense:  Present principal part=present and future tense  Present participle principal part=progressive form  Past principal part=past tense  Past participle principal part=perfect tenses

TenseBasic FormPrincipal Part Used Present Past Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

TenseBasic FormPrincipal Part Used Present Past Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

 If a verb contains the words “have” or “has” it will ALWAYS be present perfect  If a verb contains the word “had” it will ALWAYS be past perfect

 Every tense has a progressive form  If a verb ends in –ing then it is in the progressive form  Progressive form= a form of the verb “be” + the present participle principal part of the verb  Ex: am walking

TenseProgressive FormPrincipal Part Used Present Past Future Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect

TenseProgressive FormPrincipal Part Used Present Past Future Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect

1. Ain’t—do NOT use it  say “am not” or “is not” 2. Did/done—only use “done” if you use “have,” “had,” or “has” before it (it needs a helping verb)  Ex: Incorrect—I already done my homework.  Ex: Correct—I have already done my homework.

3.Gone/went—use “gone” with “have,” has,” or “had,” don’t use “went” with those words  Principal parts of “go:” go—going—went— (have) gone  Ex: Incorrect—We should have went.  Ex: Correct—We should have gone.

4. Have, of—be careful not to write “should of” when you really mean “should have” 5. Lay/lie  lay—object Principal parts: lay, laying, laid, (have) laid  lie—person Principal parts: lie, lying, lay, (have) lain

6. Raise/Rise  Raise—usually refers to an object and has a direct object.  It means “to lift upward,” “to build something,” “to grow something,” “to increase something”  Principal parts: raise, raising, raised, (have) raised  Rise—usually refers to a person  It means “to get up,” “to go up,” “to be increased”  Principal parts: rise, rising, rose, (have) risen

7. Saw—past tense/ past principal part of “see” Seen—only use with “have,” “had,” or “has” Ex: Incorrect—I seen the painting. Ex: Correct—I have seen the painting.

8. Set/Sit  Set—refers to an object ‘  Principal parts: set, setting, set, (have) set  Ex: She set the book on the table.  Sit—refers to a person  Principal parts: sit, sitting, sat, (have) sat  Ex: She will sit in the chair.