THE STYLE OF QUOTE INTEGRATION Quote Integration – Part 2

Rules to Follow 1) Quoted words or ideas = in-text cite / works cited 2) Quoted words = quotation marks around them 3) Quoted words = take it word for word 4) Frame the quote 1) Quote must be led into the paper by YOUR WORDS. 2) No quote should STAND ALONE

In-Text Citations Come after quoted material. Place at end of sentence containing quoted material. If you place at end of PARAGRAPH, it implies that ALL of that paragraph was borrowed!  Shouldn’t be since you still need to analyze and explain the material you borrowed!

Examples Piggy yelled at Ralph to “give the conch back” (Golding 56). Quote comes at end of framed sentence. Cite comes RIGHT after it. A PERIOD goes at the END of the framed sentence.

Examples Even though Piggy yelled at Ralph, and Ralph did “give the conch back,” Piggy was still angry (Golding 80). Quote comes in the middle of the framed sentence. Cite comes at END of sentence. A PERIOD goes at the END of the framed sentence.

Framing Styles 1) Quoted material from the original NEVER stands alone in YOUR paper. 2) Begin in your words – add quoted material – cite. 3) Add quoted material – end in your words – cite. Regardless, the end result MUST still be a complete, grammatical sentence!

Let’s Practice!!! Original Text Piggy shouted at Ralph. He yelled, “Give me the conch. I need the conch to help the group.” (This is a made up quote!) Point you are trying to make The conch was a sign of law and order.

1) Your words – Quoted Material - Cite Piggy became very agitated at the break down of law and order on the island. He decided that he needed to take matters into his own hands. He screamed that he wanted the conch to “help the group” (Golding 95). NOTICE Most of the writing is MY wording. The quoted material is led by the “frame” of MY wording. The cite follows the quoted material. The sentence ends with a period.

2) Quoted Material – Your Words - Cite Wanting “the conch to help the group,” Piggy implored Ralph to give him the conch (Golding 95). Piggy knew that this important symbol of power could quell the riot and return the island to a more peaceful setting. NOTICE Most of the writing is MY wording. The quoted material is led by the “frame” of MY wording. The cite follows the quoted material. The sentence ends with a period.

Variation – Use a Colon to Set Up the Quote Piggy became very agitated at the break down of law and order on the island. He decided that he needed to take matters into his own hands. He screamed the following: “I need the conch to help the group” (Golding 95). NOTICE The quoted material is still led by the “frame” of MY wording. There is a complete sentence, followed by a COLON, which sets up the direct quote. The cite follows the quoted material. The sentence ends with a period.

Adjusting the Quoted Material for Style We initially said that quoted material MUST be borrowed exactly as is…word-for-word. There are two exceptions that we will introduce: 1) You may adjust TENSE and PRONOUND PERSON from the original 2) You may CUT STUFF from the original

1) Verb Tense You may change verb tense… If the original is “I do this” And your paper is written in past tense. You may write “I [did] this”  Maintain flow of third person academic voice  Use the square bracket to SHOW that YOU changed the TENSE.

2) Pronoun Case You may change pronoun case… If the original is “I did this” And your paper is written in third person You may write “[he] did this”  Maintain flow of third person academic voice  Use the square bracket to SHOW that YOU changed the pronoun.

3) Removal of Unnecessary Material Sometimes you have a LONG section of original material that you want to quote parts of. You have two main choices… 1) Quote the first part and then make another quote for the later part. 1) Quote the WHOLE long thing, but use the ELLIPSIS to show that you’ve cut out material.

WARNING with the Ellipsis You do NOT need to add brackets to show you are inserting the ellipsis. Ellipsis = … (Three periods – that’s it) You may NOT change the MEANING of the quote because you took out an important word!

3) Use of the Ellipsis Piggy became very agitated and worried at the break down of the island. Piggy wanted the conch to help restore order. He “shouted at Ralph...[to give him] the conch. [He] need[ed] the conch to help the group” (Golding 95). NOTICE It’s kind of messy with all the adjustments. The overall meaning is still the same. Stuff has been removed with the ellipsis (…) Stuff has been adjusted with the brackets [ ]

Summary Art and science to quote integration. Quotes don’t stand on their own. They must be framed by YOUR writing. Ultimately, quotes must still fit into a complete sentence. Quotes can be adjusted with the square brackets and the ellipsis.