UNIT 4 ANIMALS STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Quick Questions on 10.1 What are the categories of macromolecules you know of? What are the types of carbohydrates? What is hydrolysis? What are enzymes? (see p of your textbook)

The Roles of Water in our Body Flushing toxins from cells Lubricating tissues and joints Forming essential body fluids, such as blood & mucus Regulating body temperature (by sweating) Eliminating waste materials (in urine & sweat) Transporting dissolved nutrients into the cells that line the small intestine.

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens Potassium Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Grains

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens Potassium Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Grains Sodium Conducting nerve signals Balancing body fluid Salt

The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens Potassium Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Grains Sodium Conducting nerve signals Balancing body fluid Salt Q1) What mineral can you gain from cheese? Q2) What minerals should you consume to improve your nerve signals?

The Roles of Vitamins VitaminKey Function in BodyPossible Sources A (Carotene) Good vision Healthy skin & muscle tone Fruit B1 (Thiamine) Metabolizing carbs Growth & muscle tone Beans C Healthy bones, teeth, gums Boosting immune system Fruit D Absorbing calcium Forming bone Fish E Strengthening red blood cell membranes Fruit

The Roles of Vitamins VitaminKey Function in BodyPossible Sources A (Carotene) Good vision Healthy skin & muscle tone Fruit B1 (Thiamine) Metabolizing carbs Growth & muscle tone Beans C Healthy bones, teeth, gums Boosting immune system Fruit D Absorbing calcium Forming bone Fish E Strengthening red blood cell membranes Fruit Q1) What would you eat to strengthen your bones? Q2) Which vitamin can help you avoid the dentist?

10.2 Our Digestive System

10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Esophagus

Esophagus (bolus goes from mouth to stomach) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus (bolus goes from mouth to stomach) Liver 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus (bolus goes from mouth to stomach) Liver (secretes bile/waste products which is sent to gall bladder to digest fats) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder (Stores the bile between the meals ) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas (makes insulin, does protein digestion)

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach (J-shaped organ in which food is temporarily stored while chemical & mechanical digestion takes place) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine (Absorption of nutrients & minerals in food) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine (water absorption) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum (site of eliminating feces)

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum Anus

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum Anus (dispose feces and other wastes)

Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum Anus Digestive Organs Accessory Organs

10.2 Esophagus Esophagus Peristalsis

10.2 Esophagus Esophagus: muscular tube through which food passes from mouth to stomach Peristalsis

10.2 Esophagus Esophagus: muscular tube through which food passes from mouth to stomach Peristalsis: wave-like muscular contraction in esophagus

A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place 10.2 Stomach

A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place Stomach is lined up with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice – a mixture of water, salt, and acids that help stomach digest food What helps break down proteins? Not Pepsi.. But Stomach

A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place Stomach is lined up with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice – a mixture of water, salt, and acids that help stomach digest food Pepsin – enzyme in gastric juice that helps break down proteins 10.2 Stomach

A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules 10.2 Small Intestine

A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules 10.2 Small Intestine Nutrients are absorbed through membranes and they pass from the digestive system into the circulatory system which carries nutrients to cells & tissues throughout the body

A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules 10.2 Small Intestine Nutrients are absorbed through membranes and they pass from the digestive system into the circulatory system which carries nutrients to cells & tissues throughout the body

Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine

Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach

Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach Breaks down remaining proteins & carbs

Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach Breaks down remaining proteins & carbs Absorbs nutrients & pushes undigested material into large intestine

Pancreas: secretes about 1 L of pancreatic fluid into duodenum everyday Pancreatic fluid contains - enzymes that chemically digest carbs, lipids & proteins - bicarbonate that alters pH to maximize enzyme efficiency Liver: largest internal organ inside us (size of a football) and its main digestion-related secretion is bile Bile: a greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver to help digest fat Bile is then sent to the gall bladder which stores bile between meals

Read pages Complete Q13, 16 – pg 417 Definitions p