V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 The environmental performance of plastic pipe systems An assessment based on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Outline About TEPPFA Our goal What is a life-cycle assessment What is an Environmental Product Declaration - EPD Development of EPDs Indicators Plastic pipe systems applications Key results Detailed environmental impact assessment

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 About TEPPFA  TEPPFA is The European Plastic Pipes and Fittings Association representing the key manufacturers of plastic pipe systems and national associations in Europe  TEPPFA is actively involved in the promotion and acceptance of plastic pipe systems for all applications  TEPPFA members decided on voluntary basis to develop EPD’s for their main products

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Our goal This initiative aims to measure the environmental impact of plastic pipe systems throughout their entire life cycle Manufacturing Transport Use End of life

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 What is a life cycle assessment?  A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standardized tool that reviews the environmental impact of products throughout their entire life cycle  It is the most recognised method to quantify environmental impacts of products, processes and/or systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 What is an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)?  EPD provides a standard way of communicating the output of a life cycle assessment  EPD allows to make direct comparisons with alternative materials  The EPD provides LCA-based information to assess the environmental performance of plastic pipes over their entire life cycle, from cradle to grave

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Development of EPDs Companies provided data Review Creator of framework Life-cycle assessment

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Indicators The Life Cycle Impact on the environment is divided into the following categories: Acidification potential: emissions from manufacturing processes resulting in acid rain Abiotic depletion: exhaustion of natural resources Eutrophication: over-fertilisation of water and soil Global warming: insulating effect of greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 and methane Ozone layer depletion: depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere caused by emissions of pollutants Photochemical oxidation: photochemical reaction of sunlight with primary air pollutants, that leads to chemical smog

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Applications of plastic pipe systems Soil, waste Water distribution pressure Drainage, sewage Plumbing, Hot & Cold water

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Detailed environmental impact assessment Sewage applications (non pressure) -> PVC sewer solid wall -> PVC multilayer foam -> PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe system -> PP structured (twin) wall Water distribution applications (pressure) -> PE pipe systems -> PVC – U pipe systems -> PVC – O; MRS 31,5 MPa pipe systems -> PVC – O; MRS 45 MPa pipe systems Soil and waste applications -> PP pipe systems -> PVC pipe systems Plumbing, Hot & Cold applications -> PEX solid wall pipe systems -> Polymer/Al/Polymer ML pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Soil and waste applications DRAINAGE - SEWAGE SIDE (non-pressure) Pipe systems PP PVC

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP; Soil & waste pipe systems – functional unit Function  Gravity discharge and transport of soil and waste from an apartment of 100 m 2 to the entrance of a public sewer system Properties Pipes  5 m, plain ended, solid wall, single layer, grey coloured  Diameter range: DN/OD 50; 75; 110 mm Fittings  all socket type Pipes and fittings  designed in class S20 according to EN  PP pipe system components (pipes, fittings and rubber rings) are in accordance with EN 1451 Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Soil & waste gravity pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Average appr. 9 % Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures PP soil & waste pipe systems environmental performance * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP soil & waste pipe systems environmental performance Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PP pipe system 1 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PP pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP soil & waste pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC; Soil & waste pipe systems – functional unit Function  Gravity discharge and transport of soil and waste from a typical European apartment of 100 m 2 to the entrance of a public sewer system Properties Pipes  5 m,  Plain ended, solid wall, single layer, grey coloured  Diameter range: DN/OD 50; 75; 110 mm Fittings  all socket type  SBR ring sealed (50%)  Solvent cemented (50%) Pipes and fittings  EN 1329  Application area code: B; BD Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Soil & waste gravity pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC soil & waste pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 14 % Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC soil & waste pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC pipe system 1,6 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC soil & waste pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Water pressure applications Pipe systems PE PVC – U PVC – O; MRS 31,5 MPa PVC – O; MRS 45 MPa

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PE water pressure pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PE 100  SDR 17  Wall thickness 6,6 mm  Fittings (EF & BW)  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  EN / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PE water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 19% Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PE water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PE pipe system 8,9 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PE pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PE water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-U water pressure pipe systems functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PVC-U; MRS 25MPa  SDR 26  Pressure class: PN 10  Wall thickness 4,2 mm  Fittings PVC-U and Ductile Iron socketed  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  EN ISO 1452 / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-U water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 17% Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–U water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC-U pipe system 8,9 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC-U pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–U water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PVC-U; MRS 31,5 Mpa  SDR 41  Pressure class: PN 10  Wall thickness 2,7 mm  Fittings PVC-U (EN ISO 1452) and Ductile Iron, socketed  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  ISO / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 14 % Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC-O; 31,5 MPa pipe system 7,2 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC-O; 31,5 MPa pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; MRS 45 MPa; Water pressure pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PVC-U; MRS 45 Mpa  SDR 65  Pressure class: PN 10  Wall thickness 1,8 mm  Fittings PVC-U (EN ISO 1452) and Ductile Iron, socketed  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  ISO / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipe, fittings etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 12 % Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC-O; 45 MPa pipe system 6,1 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC-O; 45 MPa pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC–O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Sewage and drainage applications Pipe systems PVC-Solid wall PVC-ML foam PVC-ML foam +recyclates PP twin wall

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC solid wall; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Dia: DN/OD 250 mm  SN 4 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PVC-U solid wall SN 4  EN 1401  Socketed  PVC-U fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall – pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 92% Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems global warming comparison Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC solid wall pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC solid wall pipe system 26,9 Kg 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall – pipe systems global warming comparison Comparison is based on the functional unit Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent)

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam core; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 250 mm  SN 4 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PVC multilayer foam  EN  Socketed  PVC-U fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam –pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 88 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam pipe systems global warming comparison Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC multilayer foam pipe system 22,7 Kg Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC solid wall pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam – pipe systems global warming comparison Comparison is based on the functional unit Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent)

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam plus recyclates Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 250 mm  SN 4 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PVC multilayer recyclates  EN  Socketed  PVC-U fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam + recyclates environmental performance Average appr. 88 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC multilayer recyclates pipe system 21,7 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC multilayer recyclates pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam + recyclates – global warming comparison Comparison is based on the functional unit Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent)

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP structured (twin) wall; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Diameter: DN/ID 300 mm  SN 8 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PP structured (twin) wall  EN  Socketed  PP fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP structured (twin) wall pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 79 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP structured (twin) wall pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PP structured (twin) wall pipe system 23,2 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC multilayer recyclates pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP structured (twin) wall pipe systems environmental performance Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 SUPPLY SIDE (pressure) Pipe systems PEX solid wall Polymer/Al/Polymer ML Plumbing, Hot & Cold applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PEX; Hot & Cold pipe systems – functional unit Function  The pressure supply and transport of hot & cold drinking water from the entrance of a typical European apartment of 100 m 2 to the taps Properties Pipes  PEX  Solid wall, single layer Fittings  PPSU and Brass  EN 806 and EN Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PEX hot & cold pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 23 % Data for Copper are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PEX pipe system 0,9 Kg 334 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PEX solid wall Hot&Cold pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon PEX hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PEX hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Polymer/Aluminium/Polymer; Hot & Cold water pipe systems – functional unit Function  The pressure supply and transport of hot & cold drinking water from the entrance of a typical European apartment of 100 m2 to the taps Properties Pipes  Different wall structures and combinations of PE and PEX materials with Aluminium middle layer  EN ISO Fittings  PPSU and Brass System  EN 806 Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Water distribution pressure pipe comprising pipes, fittings etc.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Polymer/Al/Polymer ML hot & cold pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 20% Data for Copper are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Polymer/Al/Polymer ML hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km Pol/Al/Pol ML pipe system 0,8 Kg 334 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of Polymer/Al/Polymer ML Hot&Cold pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Polymer/Al/Polymer ML hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Conclusion The development of EPD’s allows a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of plastic pipe systems over their life cycle EPD’s indicate that the impact of plastic pipe systems on the environment is smaller than traditional materials TEPPFA is committed to review the EPD’s every 5 years according to ISO standards and EN requirements TEPPFA members are committed to further reduce the environmental impact of plastic pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Contact info TEPPFA Avenue de Cortenbergh, Brussels Belgium tel: fax:

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Back up slides - Indicators

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Environmental indicators from the life cycle assessment The Life Cycle Impact of the system on the environment is divided into the categories*: 1. Abiotic depletion 2. Acidification 3. Eutrophication 4. Global warming 5. Ozone layer depletion 6. Photochemical oxidation * These 6 environmental impact criteria were chosen for the first 12 plastic pipe EPDs based on the prEN draft standard for EPDs used in building and construction, as recommended by the CEN (European Committee for Standardisation)/TC Technical Committee. The final EN15804 standard, which came into force in 2012, actually specifies 7 impact criteria, rather than 6 (in the final vote stage the impact category abiotic depletion was divided into two parts. One for fossil resources like oil, etc. and expressed in MJ equivalent. The other part covers the depletion of non-fossil resources (elements) and it is expressed in the Sb equivalent. Any further EPDs developed by TEPPFA will follow the newly published standard and use 7 impact categories.

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May Abiotic depletion Over-extraction of minerals, fossil fuels and other non-living, non-renewable materials leads to exhaustion of our natural resources 2.Acidification potential Emissions, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, from manufacturing processes result in acid rain which harms our soil, water supplies, human and animal organisms, and our ecosystem

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May Eutrophication potential Eutrophication results from over-fertilisation of water and soil by nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from human activity, speeding up plant growth and killing off animal life in lakes and waterways 4.Global warming potential (CO 2 equivalent) The insulating effect of greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 and methane, in our atmosphere is a major contributor to global warming, affecting our health and that of the ecosystem in which we live

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May Ozone-depletion potential Depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere caused by the emission of chemical foaming and cleaning agents allows the passage of greater levels of UV from the sun, causing skin cancer and reducing crop yields 6.Photochemical oxidation potential The photochemical reaction of sunlight with primary air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides leads to chemical smog that affect our health and that of our ecosystem and food crops

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Back up slides – Detailed data

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Important information  All data presented are on yearly basis  Data for traditional materials (Concrete, Ductile Iron and Copper) are based on publicly available data  Traditional material LCA reports have been validated (critical reviews by Denkstatt completed in )  All the studies are the property of TEPPFA  For more information please contact or visit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PE water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PE water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-U water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-U water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC-O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems – environmental performance

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer multilayer, foam core pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer multilayer, foam core pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer multilayer, foam + recyclates core pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer multilayer, foam + recyclates core pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP sewer structured (twin wall) pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PP sewer structured (twin wall) pipe systems

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PEX pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold, solid wall applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PEX pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold, solid wall applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Polymer/Al/Polymer ML pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Polymer/Al/Polymer ML pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold applications

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Back up slides – sensitivity analyses

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs concrete 300mm Average appr. 85 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems global warming comparison Sensitivity analysis vs concrete 300mm Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam pipe systems environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 300 mm Average appr. 78 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit PVC multilayer foam pipe systems environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 300 mm

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe systems environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs concrete DN 300 mm Average appr. 77 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures * Please note that any references to the average differences in environmental impact between plastics and alternative materials have been calculated by TEPPFA for illustrative purposes only and do not form part of the studies conducted by VITO and validated by Denkstatt Comparison is based on the functional unit

V-TEPPFA 3N/ May 2013 Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe systems global warming comparison Sensitivity analysis vs concrete DN 300 mm

V-TEPPFA 3N/2013 Thank you for choosing environmentally friendly plastic pipe systems