Section II Fundamental Concepts and Skills Unit 13 Early Geometry: Spatial Sense ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Spatial Relationships Spatial relationships are fundamental to geometry Children apply their sense of space to their construction projects which are the beginnings of integrating science, technology, engineering and mathematics. ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Relationship Ideas in Space Position Direction Distance ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Use of Space Includes –organization –patterns –construction ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Examples of Space Activities Naturalistic Activities Young children in the sensorimotor and preoperational stages learn about space through everyday motor activities – moving from place to place, climbing – manipulating objects and placing them in containers – building with blocks Informal Activities Use spatial words as they fit throughout the daily activities – spatial directions – spatial questions – spatial comments Adult Guided Activities Activities that help the child – relate his position in space to other objects and people – relate positions of objects to positions of other objects – organize materials through construction – simple mapping computer software ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessment and Evaluation Does the child use space words? Does he react appropriately to directions involving the use of space? –Example: Put the napkin on the table. Does the child answer space questions with space words? –Example: Where is your hat? Under the chair. Does the child use organization and pattern arrangement during play? Does the child use construction materials, such as blocks? How does the child use her own body in space? ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Section III Applying Fundamental Concepts, Attitudes, and Skills Unit 18 Measurement: Volume, Weight, Length, and Temperature ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Stages in which the Concepts of Measurement Develop Sensorimotor and preoperational Play stage Making comparisons Child learns to use arbitrary units Concrete operational Child begins to see a need for standard units Child begins to use and understand standard units ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Examples of Measurement Activities Naturalistic Activities Measurement is learned through everyday experiences Informal Activities Point out properties of materials the child might not find on her own Use measurement words Provide environmental opportunities for exploration and discovery Adult Guided Activitiest Choose these with care Make use of the child’s senses Relate to what is familiar to the child and what she already knows Pose problems that illustrate the need for measuring ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessment and Evaluation Does the child use the word measure in an adult manner? Does the child use measuring tools in her play as she sees adults use them? Can the child solve everyday problems by using informal measurement? ©2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.