Human Heart Anatomy & Physiology

Basics Where is your heart? What does your heart do? Pumps Blood

Anatomy How many different chambers does the heart need? Four – 2 to receive blood and 2 to pump What would you need in-between those chambers? Walls between chambers One Way Doors Septum (Interventircular) Valves

Anatomy What would you need coming off of the heart? ▪ 2 large blood vessels going to the lungs  Large blood vessel to carry blood to the body  What would you need coming back to the heart?  Large blood vessel(s) coming back to the heart from the body  Blood vessels coming back to the heart from the lungs L & R Pulmonary Artery Aorta Pulmonary Veins Inferior & Superior Vena Cava

Summary Summarize the major anatomical parts of the human heart? ▪ 4 chambers ▪ Septum(s) ▪ Great vessels ▪ Pulmonary system ▪ 4 valves

Patients Perspective When Doctors are describing the anatomical location on a patient, everything has to be from the patient’s perspective. Which side is the left and right side?

Patients Perspective We look at the heart from a patient’s perspective. Blue = Right Side Red = Left Side So which sides are the blue and red sides in the diagram?

What are the four chambers of the heart? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle

What separates the heart’s chambers?

What is the function of each chamber? Atria: ▪ Store blood that is then pumped to ventricles Ventricles: ▪ Large muscular chambers that pump blood away from the heart to the lungs or the body ▪ Left Ventricular Wall is Thicker

Pictures

Vessels What is the name of a vessel that carries blood to the heart ▪ VEIN What is the name of a vessel that carries blood away from the heart? ▪ ARTERY (A=away)

GREAT Vessels: The VENA CAVA The Superior and Inferior Vena Cava are the largest veins in the human body! What does it carry? ▪ Deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the heart ▪ Superior Vena Cava: From upper body (head, arms…) ▪ Inferior Vena Cava: From lower body (stomach, legs..)

GREAT Vessels: The VENA CAVA Can you guess where they connect to the heart? ▪ The right atrium

Pulmonary System: What makes it so important? The pulmonary system takes blood: 1.From the heart to the lungs 2.Then back to the heart Why does blood go to the lungs? TO PICK UP OXYGEN!

Pulmonary system What are the major anatomical parts of the pulmonary system? ▪ 2 Pulmonary Arteries ▪ 4 Pulmonary Veins

Some Q’s about pulmonary vessels Where does blood enter the pulmonary arteries? ▪ The right ventricle Can anyone guess what the pulmonary arteries bring blood to? ▪ Lungs In order to leave the lungs, blood exits through what vessels? ▪ Pulmonary veins Can anyone guess where the pulmonary veins go to? (HINT: It’s a chamber of the heart) ▪ Left atrium

GREAT Vessels: The AORTA The largest artery in the body What does it carry? ▪ Oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

GREAT Vessels: The AORTA The aorta is considered the most important artery in the body. Why? ▪ It carries blood to the rest of the body ▪ Supplies blood to the vital organs that need oxygen rich blood to function properly

Valves What are valves? ▪ Valves are doorways between atria and ventricles or between ventricles and great vessels. ▪ When valves are open, blood can pass through them. When they are closed, it cannot.

Valves The heart has four valves. Can you match the name with the location on the heart? ▪ Aortic Valve ▪ Pulmonic Valve ▪ Tricuspid Valve ▪ Mitral Valve

Basic Heart Function Can you summarize the heart’s function in two words? ▪ PUMPS BLOOD How does the heart muscle do this? Two Phases: ▪ CONTRACTION and RELAXATION Medical terms: SYSTOLE and DIASTOLE

Basic Heart Funcion Which heart chambers do most of the work in pumping blood? ▪ VENTRICLES

Basic Heart Function Below are two hearts. The arrows show the flow of blood in and out of the ventricles ▪ Look at each diagram carefully and then label the phases that each heart is in: DIASTOLE: RELAXATION/FILLING SYSTOLE: CONTRACTION/PUMPING

Heart Contraction How many times do you think the heart contracts each day? ▪ A) 100 ▪ B) 1,000 ▪ C) 10,000 ▪ D) 100,000 How many times does this mean it contracts in the average lifetime (anyone good at math)…? 100,000 x 365 x 80 = 2,920,000,000 ~3 BILLION times!

Heart Contraction What causes your heart muscle to contract and controls your heart beat? ▪ Electrical impulses through the heart This is why we use a defibrillator when someone’s heart stops This device delivers a strong electric shock to the heart.

Electrical Activity SAVE HIS KIN

Electrical Activity As electricity moves down the heart, it causes the heart muscles to: ▪ CONTRACT Does the atria or ventricles contract first? ▪ Atria

Electrical Activity What kind of machine can we use to monitor the electrical activity of the heart? ▪ An EKG machine (from the German word: Elektrokardiogramm)

SAVE HIS KIN!!

Summary of Circulation Let’s Map the Blood Flow in the heart! Any Volunteers? x