Slide 1 of 26 Chemistry

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 26 Properties of Matter > Describing Matter Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive. 2.1

Slide 3 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Describing Matter Extensive Properties An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object. 2.1

Slide 4 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Describing Matter Intensive Properties An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property. 2.1

Slide 5 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance. 2.1

Slide 6 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance. 2.1

Slide 7 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. 2.1

Slide 8 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties. 2.1

Slide 9 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 10 of 26 Properties of Matter > States of Matter Four states of matter are solid, liquid, gas and plasma. 2.1

Slide 11 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Solids A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. 2.1

Slide 12 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Liquid A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume. 2.1

Slide 13 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Gases A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. 2.1

Slide 14 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor. 2.1

Slide 15 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Plasmas are a lot like gases, but the atoms are different, because they are made up of free electrons and ions of an element such as neon (Ne). Plasma

Slide 16 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > If you have ever heard of the Northern Lights or ball lightning, you might know that those are types of plasmas Plasma is different from a gas, because it is made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles. In neon gas, the electrons are all bound to the nucleus. In neon plasma, the electrons are free to move around the system. The Northern Lights

Slide 17 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Man-made plasmas Man-made plasmas are everywhere. Think about fluorescent light bulbs. They are not like regular light bulbs. Inside the long tube is a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when the light is turned on. The electricity acts as an energy source and charges up the gas. This charging and exciting of the atoms creates glowing plasma inside the bulb. The electricity helps to strip the gas molecules of their electrons.

Slide 18 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Man-made plasmas Another example of plasma is a neon sign. Just like a fluorescent lights, neon signs are glass tubes filled with gas. When the light is turned on, the electricity flows through the tube. The electricity charges the gas and creates plasma inside of the tube. The plasma glows a special color depending on what kind of gas is inside.

Slide 19 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Physical Changes During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change. 2.1

Slide 20 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Physical Changes Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible. All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible. Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes. 2.1

Slide 21 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Melting Gallium Video

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 22 of 26 Section Quiz -or- Continue to: Launch: Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 2.1 Section Quiz. 2.1.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 23 of 26 1.Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? a.temperature b.color c.mass d.hardness 2.1 Section Quiz.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 24 of 26 2.Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? a.all properties of a substance b.intensive properties c.chemical properties d.physical properties 2.1 Section Quiz.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 25 of 26 3.Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: (1) takes the volume and shape of its container (2) has a definite shape and volume (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape a.(1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas b.(1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid c.(1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid 2.1 Section Quiz.

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