Ch 17.3

 Architecture  Court of Versailles  Austrian emperor, Swedish King and others had grandiose residences.  Rococo style of art– emphasized grace, charm and gentle action

 Johann Sebastian Bach  Organist  Composer  George Frederic Handel  Religious music including Handel’s Messiah  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  Child prodigy  composer

 A new type of monarchy emerges in late 18 th century  Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers.  (Enlightenment - characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine.)  (Despot - a king or other ruler with absolute, unlimited power)

 Prussia  Frederick the Great  One of the best educated and most cultured monarchs  Established Enlightenment reforms including abolished the use of torture (except in treason and murder). He granted limited freedom of speech and press and greater religious toleration.  But – he kept Prussia’s serfdom and rigid social structures Welcome to Discovery Education Player

PRUSSIA – FREDERICK II RULED  Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany) Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany) Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany)  Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession  Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation

 Empress Maria Theresa  Ruled  Worked to centralize the Austrian Empire  She was not open to philosophes’ calls for reform  She did help alleviate the condition of serfs

AUSTRIA – MARIA THERESA RULED  Absolute monarch of Austria Absolute monarch of Austria Absolute monarch of Austria  Fought Frederick II of Prussia for control of Hungary and Silesia  Reorganized the government  Eased tax burden on her people  Gave more rights to her subjects  Gave birth to 16 children while in power

 Maria Theresa had 16 children including Marie Antoinette (#15) who married King Louis XVI of France  Joseph II (son of Maria Theresa)  Co-ruled with mom  Ruled alone  Established reform ideas but largely failed  Eliminated death penalty  Established religious reform and principles of equality

 Catherine the Great  1762 – 1796  Intelligent  Skeptical of enlightenment ideas But did put these reforms into place:  Free economic society  Encouraged education  Relaxed censorship  Great military success

 War of the Austrian Succession   When Maria Theresa took the Austrian throne, King Frederick II of Prussia took advantage of “a woman” and invaded Austria.  France enters war on Prussia’s side  Maria Theresa then makes alliance with Great Britain  1748 – treaty made to return all territories (except Silesia to Prussia) to their original owners

 New Allies (1756)  France and England rivalry over American colonies  Prussia and Austria rivalry over Silesia  This lead to France allying with Austria and Russia joins in alliance  Britain and Prussia align as allies  This allies led to the Seven Years’ War

 Three major areas of conflict  Europe  India  North America  The War in Europe  British and Prussians against the Austrians, Russia and the French  This part of the war ended in 1763 with all territories going back to original owners

 The War in India  Known as “the Great War for Empire”  Fought in India and North America  France against England  England won because of persistence

 The War in North America  Greatest of all the conflicts  Known as the French and Indian War  Areas of conflict  Waterways of the Gulf of St. Lawrence  Ohio River valley  French moved down from Canada and up from Louisiana to establish forts in the Ohio River Valley.  French had support of Native Americans  Treaty of Paris, 1763, lands east of the Mississippi River went to England  GREAT BRITAIN gained control of India and North America, making it the world’s greatest colonial power. (test question)  Seven Years' War video Seven Years' War video

 end

 The 16 th century began with European explorers traveling the globe and initiating a process that led to radical changes in the world; the 16 th century fostered creativity and change, resulting in new inventions. It experience the growth of material wealth; it inspired new interest in learning; and it led to the formation of strong national states. These states would battle for the next few centuries

 Over political freedom, absolutism, constitutionalism, and nationalism, and make western Europe a world leader. The forces that began in the 16 th century have spread to every continent and influenced development all over the world. This is an important era in history.  Your assignment:

 You will assume the role of a political cartoonist or a columnist during the War of the Austrian Succession or the Seven Years’ War. Depict or write about a major event in a cartoon for a fictitious newspaper, The Prussian Press. You may include the balance of power in Europe, the fight over Silesia, or alliances formed by different countries. Consider whether Prussia would have invaded Austrian Silesia if it had known England would ally itself with Austria and enter the war against Prussia.