1 THE PRESIDENCY CHAPTER 13

2 SECTION 1 Objective I. Identify the President’s many roles.

3 I. Identify the President’s many roles.  A. Chief of State  B. Chief Executive  C. Chief Administrator  D. Chief Diplomat

4 I. Identify the President’s many roles.  E. Commander in Chief  F. Chief Legislator  G. Chief of Party  H. Chief Citizen

5 SECTION 1 Objective II. Understand the formal qualifications necessary to become President.

6 II. Understand the formal qualifications necessary to become President.  A. Citizenship - Must be a natural born U.S. citizen.  B. Age -Must be at least 35 years of age.  C. U.S. Resident -Must have lived in the U.S. at least 14 years.

7 SECTION 1 Objective III. Discuss issues involving the length of the President’s term.

8 III. Discuss issues involving the length of the President’s term.  A. 22 nd Amendment – Presidents may serve a maximum of 10 years or two full 4 year terms =10  B. A single term is 4 years.  C. Proposed change 1) A single 6 year term 2) Unlimited 4 year terms

9 SECTION 1 Objective IV. Describe the President’s pay and benefits.

10 IV. Describe the President’s pay and benefits.  A. The President receives compensation in two forms: 1) Annual salary: $400, ) Annual expenses: $50, Vice President's Salary The salary of the vice president is currently (for 2004) $202,900 Presidential Retirement and Maintenance Former President Clinton will get an annual pension of $151,800 plus up to $150,000 a year to maintain an office and staff. Had Hillary Clinton not been elected to the U.S. Senate, she would have received $20,000 per year as a former First Lady. Retired Presidents and First Ladies also receive Civil Service protection for 10 years after leaving office. Children of retired Presidents receive protection until they are 16 years old.

Benefits  White House  Air Force 1 and other planes  Fleet of autos  Various helicopters  Camp David  Full Medical  Pension  $180,100  $20,000 widow

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Presidential Disability  25th Amendment  Vice-President becomes President if President informs Congress in writing he can’t perform his duties Vice-President and majority of cabinet inform Congress the President is unable to perform his duties  President can regain his office Can inform Congress no inability exists if challenged-Congress has 21 days to decide

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16 SECTION 3 Objective I. Explain the Framers’ original provisions for choosing the President.

17 I. Explain the Framers’ original provisions for choosing the President.  A. Three methods discussed by the Framers  1) Election by Congress  2) Popular vote  3) Electoral College – Chosen  B. Presidential Electors  1) Cast two votes for President  2) Votes were called electoral votes

18 I. Explain the Framers’ original provisions for choosing the President.  C. Why Not Popular Vote?  1) Framers opposed popular vote because they did not think voters in such a large country would be able to learn enough about the candidates to make an informed decision.

19 II. Outline how the rise of political parties changed the electoral process.  A. Electoral College  1) Group of well-informed citizens who could choose the best person for the presidency.  2) Chosen by their political party in the beginning.  3) If there is a tie, the House of Representatives decide.

20 II. Outline how the rise of political parties changed the electoral process.  B. 12 th Amendment  1) Requires electors to designate which vote is cast for President and which for Vice President.

21 END OF SECTION 3

22 SECTION 5 Objective I. Understand the function of the electoral college today.

23 I. Understand the function of the electoral college today.  A. Each State’s presidential electors are chosen by direct popular vote.  B. Chosen the Tuesday following the first Monday in November every fourth year.  C. Presidential electors cast votes to elect the President….not the people.  D. If there is a tie, the House of Representatives chose from the top three candidates.

24 II. Describe the flaws in the electoral college.  A. First Major defect  1) The winner of the electoral vote is not automatically the same as the winner of the popular vote.  B. Second Major defect  1) Electors are not legally bound to vote for the candidate who wins their State’s popular vote.  C. Third Major defect  1) There is always the possibility of a tie.

25 III. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of proposed reforms of the electoral college.  A. District Plan  1) A system in which presidential electors would be chosen by each of a state’s congressional districts.  B. Proportional Plan  1) A system in which each presidential candidate would receive the same share of a State’s electoral vote that he/she won in the popular vote.  2) Major criticism – weakens two-party system.

26 III. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of proposed reforms of the electoral college.  C. Direct Popular Election  1) People vote for the President and V.P., not for electors.  2) Unlikely because  a) A constitutional amendment is required.  b) Small states oppose direct election.  c) National campaign would cost more.  D. The National Bonus Plan  1) A system that would give the winner of the popular vote a bonus in the elector vote.

President’s Executive Powers  Execute, enforce, administer, and carry out laws of the United States  Ordinance Power executive orders  Power of Appointment advice and consent of Senate  Removal Power exception - federal judges

Diplomatic and Military Powers  Make Treaties 2/3 vote of members present in the Senate  Executive Agreements  Power of Recognition  Military Powers almost without limit War Powers Resolution

Legislative and Judicial Powers  Legislative Powers Recommend legislation Veto power - rarely overridden Call special session  Judicial Powers Reprieve Pardon Commutation Amnesty

Executive Office  Bureaucracy huge complex of agencies that make up executive branch staffed by President’s advisors and assistants  The Office of the White House key Personnel and political staff Chief of Staff  closest advisor  runs presidential staff

Executive Office (cont.)  National Security Council Pres., Vice-Pres., Sec of State & Defense, CIA director, Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff.  Office of Management and Budget largest office prepares budget  National Drug Control Policy  Council of Economic Advisors

Cabinet  Informal advisory body  Not mentioned in Constitution  Grown through custom and use  Each cabinet member administers their department  Some presidents use cabinet more than others