Unit 3: Revolutionary War Ch. 5 Deciding Where Loyalties Lie

Dealing with Indian & French Canadian Resistance British P.M. George Grenville set out to solve the empire’s new problems Issued the Proclamation of 1763 Colonists violated it Allowed the French-speaking Catholic Canadians to preserve their religious & cultural ways

Revenue Taxes Passed acts designed to raise tax revenues in the colonies to pay for F/I War Sugar Act 1764 Quartering Act 1765 Stamp Act 1765 First direct tax on the colonists Required the use of govt-stamped paper, signifying the payment of the tax, on almost 50 different documents Would affect everyone

American Reaction to the Taxes Sons of Liberty Samuel Adams Stages public demonstrations & protests

American Reaction to the Taxes Patrick Henry introduced 7 resolutions denouncing the Stamp Act “no taxation without representation” Most colonial assemblies followed VA’s lead & issued statements condemning the Stamp Act “virtual representation”

American Reaction to the Taxes Oct delegates from 9 colonies met at the Stamp Act Congress in New York City Claimed that only colonial legislatures had the authority to tax the colonists Significance – break down sectional divisions

American Reaction to the Taxes Colonists agreed to boycott British goods, leading to the spread of the non-importation movement Artisans & laborers saw the chance to sell their own goods Women agreed to make homespun cloth as a replacement to British textiles

Repeal of the Stamp Act Stamp Act was repealed (March 1766), but then replaced with the Declaratory Act Reaffirmed Parliament’s right to pass legislation for & raise taxes from the colonies Lord Rockingham replaced Grenville.

The Townshend Acts & Colonial Protest New P.M. Charles Townshend imposed new indirect taxes on the colonies through the Townshend Acts Taxed imported items including glass, paper, paint, & lead products Also placed a three-penny tax on tea Ordered new customs boards to collect the taxes Relocated “redcoats” to port cities to keep the peace

The Townshend Acts & Colonial Protest John Dickinson wrote a pamphlet titled “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania” Claimed the T.A. violated the principle of “no taxation w/o representation” Criticized “virtual representation” Another massive boycott of British goods began in 1768

Boston Massacre Facing the breakdown of law & order in Boston, the governor requested the support of British soldiers (1768)

Boston Massacre

The Crisis Renewed

Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s In March 1770, the new P.M. Lord North repealed all taxes, except that on tea Period of relative peace set in, but only temporarily

Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s June 1772, Rhode Island merchants sought revenge on customs operations Local men boarded the Gaspee, looted it, & torched it Colonists viewed this as an act of political resistance Represented a shift toward more militant tactics

Disturbing the Peace of the Early 1770s Colonies organized the Committees of Correspondence to keep alive opposition to British policies by spreading ideas & info