Module 2.2 1

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 Introduction Introduction  Techniques and tools used to commit computer crimes Techniques and tools used to commit computer crimes  Categories of computer crime Categories of computer crime  Protecting yourself against cybercrime Protecting yourself against cybercrime  Test and improve your knowledge Test and improve your knowledge 3

Computer crime can be seen in two ways – where a computer system is the target of the crime (e.g. ‘hacking’) and where computer technology is used to enable or commit the crime. 4

Any attempt to manipulate or ‘con’ someone into giving out information such as a password or account number which can be used to impersonate them. Software specifically designed to install itself without the user’s knowledge and to affect or harm a computer system. This includes viruses and spyware. 5

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It refers to attempts from people to con the user into giving out personal and confidential details such as PIN numbers and passwords, etc. by posing as a legitimate organisation, usually via e ‑ mail. 7

E ‑ mail spoofing is the forgery of an e ‑ mail header so that the e ‑ mail appears to be from a different origin (or person). 8

A computer worm is malware that is able to distribute itself over a network, normally via e ‑ mail, without a person having run an infected program. 9

Written to disrupt the normal functioning of a person’s computer without their knowledge or consent. Used to turn your computer into a ‘bot’ to spread malware or to create security loopholes for other programs to exploit. 10

Tries to monitor and track the way you use your computer. It then sends this information to third parties without your consent or knowledge. 11

Records your keystrokes as you type and can possibly even record the movements of your mouse and take screenshots of what is displayed on your screen. 12

Type of malware which is a destructive program disguised as a useful application. 13

When a computer is ‘hacked’ so that when the user types in a ‘valid’ URL in their browser they are taken to another website, which is often a replica. 14

A computer that has been compromised (or infected) and can be controlled remotely when it is on and connected to the Internet. 15

Software that downloads onto your computer and bombards your computer with adverts that pop ‑ up whenever you are connected to the Internet. ! ! 16

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CyberstalkingSpam Uploading unauthorised pictures on the Web Cyberbullying 18

business cyber attacks website cyber attacks cyberterrorism denial of service attacks 19

Bandwidth Identity Processing time and power Money Copyrighted material Data/Intellectual property 20

The criminal either has to: obtain essential information, such as a user name and password, in order to access a secure system get physical access to a computer so that data can be downloaded directly onto portable media. 21

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Assume nothing Believe no one Check everything AABB CC 23

Anti-virus software Computer programs that scan computer files for viruses and eliminate them. update it regularly 24

Firewall software Software that allows you to control which programs can access the Internet and protects your computer or network from unauthorised access. 25

Anti-spyware software Anti-spyware software detects spyware that has been installed on a computer. update it regularly 26

Be careful when installing ‘free’ software. Have good password policies. Stay informed. 27

Don’t give out personal information. Don’t click on links in pop ‑ ups. Don’t open attachments or programs unless you are sure of what they are. Don’t be gullible. 28

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