1. In Text Referencing  As you are writing your paper – you need to reference your work.  That means that you need to acknowledge where you got your.

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Presentation transcript:

1. In Text Referencing  As you are writing your paper – you need to reference your work.  That means that you need to acknowledge where you got your information from.

What / When to reference? ReferenceDo Not Reference  Opinions of others  Conclusions of others  Ideas of others  Direct quotes – “inverted commas”  Obscure information that is not generalised knowledge  General facts (eg. The pyramids were built in....)  Your own opinions, ideas, conclusions

How to In-Text Reference A) HARVARD METHOD (within text)  Acknowledgement made at the end of a sentence / quote in brackets. For example: Ghantous believes that the Pyramids were built by the work of great Egyptian engineering (Ghantous, 2007 p.48)

How to In-Text Reference A) HARVARD METHOD (within text)  Direct Quote – Use quotation marks and then the acknowledgement in bracket. For example: “The construction of the Pyramids was the product of great Egyptian engineering” (Ghantous, 2007 p.48)

How to In-Text Reference A) HARVARD METHOD (within text) TIPS:  More than 1 author to a book (Ghantous and others, 2007 p.48)  Internet – Author, web address (Ghantous,  Book no Author – Title, date, page (The Great Pyramids, 2007 p.48)  Internet no Author – Web address (  Encyclopaedia – Title, date, page (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007 p.48)

How to In-Text Reference B) FOOTNOTES  Acknowledgement made at the bottom of the page as a footnote. For Example: Ghantous believes that the Pyramids were built by the work of great Egyptian engineering 1 _____________________ 1 Ghantous, 2007 p.48

How to In-Text Reference B) FOOTNOTES  Direct Quote – Use quotation marks and then the acknowledgement in the footnote For example: “The construction of the Pyramids was the product of great Egyptian engineering” 1 _____________________ 1 Ghantous, 2007 p.48

How to In-Text Reference B) FOOTNOTES TIPS:  More than 1 author to a book ( 1 Ghantous and others, 2007 p.48)  Internet – Author, web address ( 1 Ghantous,  Book no Author – Title, date, page ( 1 The Great Pyramids, 2007 p.48)  Internet no Author – Web address ( 1  Encyclopaedia – Title, date, page ( 1 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007 p.48)

2. Bibliographies TIPS:  Separate types of references – books, internet, encyclopaedia, newspapers, documentaries etc  Alphabetical order for each section

Bibliographies - Books A) Books Ghantous, S. (2007) The Great Pyramids, Penguin Books, Sydney

Bibliographies – Web sites B) Web Sites With Author: Ghantous, S. The Pyramids, accessed 7/4/09: Without Author: Author unknown. The Pyramids, accessed 7/4/09:

Bibliographies – Encyclopaedia C) Encyclopaedia Article Ghantous, S. “The Pyramids”, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, (2007), Penguin Books, Sydney

Bibliographies – Newspaper Article D) Newspaper Article Ghantous, S. (2007) “New method of Pyramid Building revealed” Sydney Morning Herald, 7/4/09 p.27

Bibliographies – Documentaries E) Documentaries The Pyramids, Discovery Channel 7/4/09