NUTRITION Chapter 19

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. WATER Functions of water in human body –Solvent for all biochemical reactions –Transport medium for substances –Lubricant for joints and digestion –Controls body temperature by evaporating from pores of skin –Cushions body organs, such as lungs and brain

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body Calories are the units that measure the amount of energy in foods –The calorie is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. LIPIDS Lipids are groups of compounds containing fatty acids combined with an alcohol –Simple lipids –Compound lipids

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. PROTEINS Proteins serve many different functions in the body –Some are enzymes that regulate rate of chemical reactions –Others aid in growth and repair of tissues –Can also be used as a source of energy

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS Mineral - chemical element obtained from inorganic compounds in food –Essential minerals sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc –Trace elements zinc, copper, iodine, cobalt, manganese, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, and fluorine

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. VITAMINS Vitamins are biologically active organic compounds that often function as coenzymes Vitamins are necessary for normal health and growth

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. FIBER Fiber is found in plant foods such as whole grain breads, cereals, beans, peas, and other fruits and vegetables

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. RECOMMENDED DAILY DIETARY ALLOWANCES Basal metabolic rate is the measure of total energy utilized by the body to maintain the body processes necessary for life Measures the number of calories burned each day

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. NUTRITION LABELING Standard format for nutrition information on food labels includes: –Quantitative amount per serving of each nutrient except vitamins and minerals –Amount of each nutrient as a percent of the daily value for a 2,000 calorie diet

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. NUTRITION LABELING –Footnote with reference the values for selected nutrients based on 2, ,500 calorie diets –Caloric conversion information

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. EATING DISORDERS Obesity Anorexia nervosa Bulimia