Macromolecules. How to build a polymer  dehydration synthesis  joins monomers by “taking” H 2 O out  requires energy & enzymes Structure and function.

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Presentation transcript:

Macromolecules

How to build a polymer  dehydration synthesis  joins monomers by “taking” H 2 O out  requires energy & enzymes Structure and function of polymers are derived from the way their monomers are assembled [4.A.1.a]

How to break down a polymer  Hydrolysis  use H 2 O to break apart monomers  ex: digestion

Carbohydrates  Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, O carbo - hydr - ate (CH 2 O) x Function: Monomer: Examples:

Numbered carbons C CC C C C 1' 2'3' 4' 5' 6' O

Building sugars  Dehydration synthesis builds sugars [4.A.1.a.4]

Simple & complex sugars SUGARFORMEXAMPLE

Polysaccharides  Function:  energy storage  starch (plants)  glycogen (animals)  building materials = structure  cellulose (plants)  chitin (arthropods & fungi)

Polysaccharides

Cellulose The nature of carbohydrate bonds determines their orientation and thus the structure [4.A.1.b.3]

Lipids Function: Structure: Examples:

Phospholipids  Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?  fatty acid tails = hydrophobic  PO 4 = hydrophilic head