Conservation of Energy

What types of energy can you think of? SolarKineticElectricChemicalSound Plus many others

Energy Resources What is it? A recourse that provides energy to bring about movement or change How is it classified? Renewable: ones that can be reused in one human lifetime Non-renewable – one that can only be used once in a human lifetime

Some History BCE– only food and sun were energy – BCE – fire is added for heat and light 5000 BCE – animals used to help farming 4000 – 2500 BCE – wind energy harnessed for sailing 200BCE – 200CE – wood used on large scale for heat and metal work 500 – 900 CE – wind used for windmills to grind grain and pump water 1698 – 1900 CE – coal burned for steam power 1859 – first gas powered engine 1945 – ZEEP nuclear reactor in Canada built

Non-renewable

What do they have in common OilCoal Natural Gas We Call These

Coal Made from peat buried below sediments and large pressure ON, BC, SK, NB, and AB all have coal deposits 2 types of mining Underground Strip mining

Oil We burn lots of this…..duh How is it made? Microscopic organisms from ancient oceans Process is similar to coal Takes millions of years Found in sedimentary rock In AB we have the tar sands tar sandstar sands Are there dangers???

Natural Gas Formed with both oil and coal deposits It is trapped above the oil pockets underground Large deposits under the Arctic Permafrost and deep ocean Canada is a large producer of Natural Gas Uses and dangers? Heard of hydraulic fracturing? Good/Bad GoodBadGoodBad

How is power created?created In all 3 previous examples the energy source is burned The fires are placed under water vessels which create steam The steam is pushed through turbines that spin The spinning drives a shaft with magnets through a large tube of wire

Uranium/Nuclear Energy Consists mainly of uranium-238 (an isotope) and about 0.7% uranium-235 (the actual fuel) The U-235 is split in the reactor and under goes fission to create huge amounts of power When one atom splits it causes others to split following that Canada’s nuclear reactor (CANDU) – 18 in Canada and 20 in other countries

Pros and Cons??? Pros Low pollution and GHG produced Small amount of source leads to large amount of energy We have the expertise in reactor technology Cons Disposal of waste rods is not solved Plant accidents can release radioactive materials Public concerns about safety Costly to build and maintain

Renewable Energy

Solar Energy Passive Collection Transforms solar into thermal with no special devices Windows let the heat in bit not back out Materials absorb heat and radiate it out as thermal Active Collection Concentrates solar energy Collectors placed on roof or ground for heating Mainly used for water heaters, pools, and homes

Photovoltaic Cells Use solar energy to generate current in a circuit Made of silicon crystals that convert 10 – 20% of the solar energy into electrical energy Low efficiency and high cost in the past, but its getting better Starting to see PV powerplants

Solar Pros and Cons Renewable and abundant Minimal environmental impact Availability limited to season, climate and altitude Requires energy storage or use of other sources when there is no sun Making them uses lots of energy and polluting chemicals

Wind Fastest growing source of alternative energy in the world 2012 – Ontario generated more electricity using wind than coal for the first time Where do you think wind is the most successful?

Pros and Cons It is renewable Environmental impact is low Wind farms located in areas to not disturb people Land used can be used for other reasons Wind is intermittent and variable in speed Kill birds and bats Opposition due to appearance, reduced property values, and noise

Hydro

Geothermal Energy from the Earth’s interior US is a large producer of geothermal Canada is creating its first geothermal power plant in BC Its environmentally friendly, reliable, and unlimited Releases dangerous gases and radioactive radon

Biomass Energy The burning of non-fossil fuels Wood, vegetation, plant oils and organic wastes from landfills Change chemical energy to thermal Used in great quantities in poorer countries Economical and renewable fuel Example – ethanol, biodiesel

Tidal Energy Uses the ocean’s waves to turn a turbine Only used in 40 places around the world Bay of Fundy Bay of Fundy Requires the tides vary by at least 5m to be cost effective Renewable and reliable, generates little pollution Limited in locations, ecosystem disturbance is a problem