Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders I.What is abnormality? II.Biological Vs. Psychological Approaches III.Major Psychological Disorders

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 I.What is Abnormal? Psychopathology: abnormality or disorder in patterns of thought, emotion or behavior. Psychological diagnosis: label that identifies and explains mental disorders according to clinical interview and observation, testing and analysis of mental and behavioral development. DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition)

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 Q: How do psychologists determine what behaviors are abnormal? Abnormality usually based on 6 indicators: (usually must show two or more-Rosenhan & Seligman, 1989) 1.Distress or intense anxiety 2.Maladaptiveness 3.Irrationality 4.Unpredictability 5.Unconventionality and statistical rarity 6.Observer Discomfort

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 II.Biological Vs Psychological (bio-psycho-social) Models Q: How have people historically approached abnormality? A.Medical Model: Phillipe Pinel ( )

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 Psychological Model B.Psychological Model: Anton Mesmer ( ) Charcot: ( ) DSM-IV (1994) bio-psycho-social: all behavior arises from an interaction of nature and nurture.

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 III.Major Psychological Disorders A.Anxiety Disorders –Ex: Generalized Anxiety Disorder –Ex:Panic Disorders- »Agoraphobia –Ex:Phobic disorders- –Ex:Obsessive-compulsive disorders-

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12

B. Dissociative Disorders Ex: Dissociative/Psychogenic Amnesia Dissociative Fugue State Ex: Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) once known as Multiple Personality Disorder: (MPD)

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 C.Affective/Mood Disorders Ex: Major Depressive Disorder or Unipolar depression: (20%, women, 10% men) Ex:Bipolar disorder- (About 1% of all adults) –Mania and depression

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 D. Schizophrenic Disorders 2-3 million Americans living, 1/100 Can experience hallucinations and delusions –Disorganized/illogical thinking –Disturbed perceptions –positive symptoms-things that exist-appearance of abnormality (hallucinations,delusions, disorganized bhr) –negative symptoms-social withdrawal, flat affect

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 Schizophrenia Different Types: –Catatonic –Paranoid –Disorganized –Undifferentiated residual: free from major symptoms but evidence from minor symptoms of continuation of disorder

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12

E. Personality Disorders Usually appear at adolescence. (12 types described by the DSM) –most controversial diagnosis. Ex: Antisocial personality disorder Ex: narcissistic Ex: histrionic Ex: borderline

Myers Exp. Psychology Chapter 12 F. Eating Disorders Ex: Anorexia Nervosa –approx 1% of all adolescents Ex: Bulimia