1 The Union in Peril CP Chapter 10

2 Politics of Slavery  North and South  Each has their own economy  Each has their own society  Essentially 2 countries in one

3 Wilmot Proviso  1846 Dem Congressman David Wilmot suggests:  All territory gained from Mexico be prohibited from Slavery.

4 Wilmot Proviso  North  Favored since south voted down internal improvements  South  slaves were property & it was protected by Const.

5 Wilmot Proviso Arguments 1.Antislavery Northerners cited NW Ordinance of 1787 which forbade slavery to north of Ohio River as proof framers did not want to expand slavery 2.Southerners (John C. Calhoun) argued that all lands acquired should become slave- holding

6 Wilmot Proviso Arguments… 3.Moderates suggest extending 36*30’ line into Western Territory (Polk) 4.Others suggest “Popular Sovereignty”  Settlers of land decide through local governments

7 California Requests admission as Free State… President Taylor supports this Southerners – oppose it Southern Congressmen try to block

8 Compromise of 1850  Henry Clay steps in and attempts to present compromise in May Similar to Missouri Compromise  There were 5 points to Clay’s Proposal

9 Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state. Rest of Territory split in half between Utah & N. Mexico

10 In Utah & N. Mexico  The people would decide slavery.  Popular sovereignty Compromise of 1850

11 Compromise of 1850  Texas would give up its claim to part of New Mexico and US gov’t would pay $10 million in war debt.

12  Slavery would still exist  Prohibit slave trade in D.C. Compromise of 1850

13  New fugitive slave law enacted.  Requires all citizens to assist in capture and return of slaves. Compromise of 1850

14 Henry Clay  Throws Congress into 8 month debate“GREAT DEBATE”  Both North & South argue that it is too lenient on Opposite side

15  Clay defended resolutions…  Feared alternative would be disunion  Possibly War  Senate rejects Compromise of 1850.

16 How it was achieved  Taylor dies and VP Millard Fillmore steps in  Stephen Douglas steps in for Clay as Speaker of House  Introduces them one at a time…  Compromise Passed after 8 months

17 VIOLENCE, PROTEST, & RESISTENCE

18 Fugitive Slave Act  Not entitled to trial  Statement from slave owner was all that was needed  $10 for returning slaves  $1000 fine & 6 months in jail for aiding slave

19 Underground railroad  This was created as an network of people that helped aid slaves.  Harriet Tubman the most famous conductor

20  Harriet Beecher Stowe  Convinced people slavery was not just a political issue.  It was morally wrong. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

21  Repeal Missouri Compromise  Territories have the right to “popular sovereignty.”  Divide into 2 states  Kansas – slave  Nebraska - free Kansas-Nebraska Act

22 “Bleeding Kansas” A.Sack of Lawrence Founded by antislavery Proslavery jury labeled them traitors Proslavery posse burned Lawrence B.Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown, abolitionist pulled 5 proslavery men out of bed and cut-off their hands and stabbed them with a broadsword.

23 Political Parties  Whig party ends over slavery.  Democratic Party also weak  Know-Nothings formed but will split over SLAVERY

24 The American party formed promoting nativism.  A.k.a. the Know-Nothing Party.  Eventually split over slavery. Political Parties introduced

25 Political Parties Introduced  Free-Soil Party favored not extending slavery into new territory

26 Political Parties continued…  Republican party grows out of Northern Whigs, antislavery Democrats, & Free- Soilers. Drew support from a wide range of areas.

27 Leading up to Secession  Dred Scot decision  Dred Scot vs Sanford

28 Lecompton Constitution: Written by proslavery even though they were outnumbered 10-1 in Kansas. Leading up to Secession

29 Lincoln-Douglas Debates  Lincoln challenges Douglas to 7 debates  Douglas – believed in pop. sovereignty  Lincoln – slavery was wrong

30 Freeport Doctrine  2 nd Debate  “Could Settlers exclude slavery before a territory became a state?”  “Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by the local police regulations.  Douglas wins the seat in Senate.

31  attempted to take an arsenal at Harpers Ferry for slave uprising  Threat put down by US Marines.  Brown was hanged for high treason. John Brown

Election  Republican Lincoln won the election

33 PartyStand on Slavery Rank in Popular Vote Rank in Electoral College LincolnRepublicanCondemna tion 11 DouglasNorthern Democrat Backward system 43 Breckin- ridge Southern Democrat Supported 24 BellConstitutional Union No stand 32

34 Secession  South Carolina left the Union in December 1860.

35  Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, & Alabama, followed. Southern States follow S.C.

36  North Carolina, Virginia, Arkansas, & Tennessee leave Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers.

37 Confederate States of America Government of the southern states. Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was President

38 Border States  Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & Delaware  Important to Lincoln.

39 THE END