The Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ): A Computerized Self-Report Instrument for Ages 7-10 Contact: jsimonds@darkwing.uoregon.edu.

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The Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ): A Computerized Self-Report Instrument for Ages 7-10 Contact: jsimonds@darkwing.uoregon.edu Jennifer Simonds & Mary K. Rothbart, University of Oregon Samples (N=193) Elementary Schools in Seattle, WA area (n=99) & Lane County, OR (n=43); UO Laboratory (n=51). Sex 44% Male, 55% Female. Age 30 7 y.o., 30 8 y.o., 44 9 y.o., 89 10 y.o. Race/Ethnicity 68% White/Caucasian, 14% Hispanic, 3% African-American, 7% Asian/Pacific Islander, 6% Mixed Race, 3% Other. Study Aims Establish valid, reliable self-report measure of temperament in middle childhood; Allow for multi-informant report with accompanying parent questionnaire; Develop efficient, age-appropriate method for administration of questionnaire. Self-Report Scale Correlations Administration Computerized presentation 157 Items on 5-pt. Likert Scale (Version 3.0) 3 Practice Items Instructions and items read to children by “Ducky” Administration time approximately 20 minutes Answers collected in text files Parent version of items in paper-and-pencil format Affil. Anger/ Frustr. Assrt/ Dom Attn Focs Dis- comf Fant/ Opn Fear High Intns Pls. Im-plsv Inhib Ctnrl Low Intns Pls Perc Sens Sad Shy Sooth Activity .28** .13 .19** -.05 -.01 .06 .38** .21** -.02 .27** .03 -.11 .02 Affiliation -.34** .08 -.10 .19 .46** .12 .16* .14 .26** .43** .50** -.18* Anger/Frustr. -.20** .09 -.09 -.07 -.03 -.22** Assert./Domin. .05 -.04 .51** .24** .01 Attention Focus. -.15* -.29** -.30** .49** .00 -.25** -.23** -.16* .48** Discomfort .39 .67** .15* .22** .35** .73** -.14 Fantasy/Openn. .29 .17* .40** -.12 .11 .29** .62** -.06 -.17* High Intens. Pleas. .45** Impulsivity .10 .37** .32** -.13 Inhibitory Cntrl. -.26** Low Intens. Pleas. .07 Percept. Sens. .55** Sadness Shyness Item Development 13 out of 16 temperament scales and definitions from Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) (Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey & Fisher, 2001). Majority of items adapted from CBQ Original items developed Other items from Hampton Individual Differences Questionnaire (Victor & Baker, 2001), Childhood Temperament and Personality Questionnaire (CTPQ; Victor, Rothbart & Baker, 2003), CBQ-BPI (Ablow & Measelle, 1993; Hwang 2002) Version 1 & 2 Reliability / Parent Child Agreement Scale (Version) Sample Self-Report Items Cronbach’s α Self-Report (n=193) Cronbach’s α Parent-Report (n=95) Parent-Child Agmt (n=95) Common Items/ Max Reliability Activation Control (3) “It’s hard for me to keep working on an assignment when it gets boring.” (Reverse) N/A1 Activity Level^# (1,2,3) “I like to run.” “I have lots of energy.” “I like PE.” .50 .63 .33**/.22* Affiliation# (1,2,3) “I like to feel close to other people.” .57 .83 .28**/.25* Anger/Frustration^ (1,2,3) “I get mad when recess is over.” .78 .01/-.05 Assertiveness/Dominance (1,2,3) “Other kids do what I do.” “I like to be in charge.” .76 .15/.15 Attention^ (1,2,3) “My teacher tells me to pay attention.” (Reverse) .90 .22*/.18 Discomfort^ (1,2,3) “I feel uncomfortable when I’m cold or wet.” .77 .29**/.21* Fantasy/Openness (1, 2, 3) “I have a big imagination.” “I like to make things.” .86 .54**/.55** Fear^ (1, 2, 3) “I’m afraid of the dark.” “I get scared by nightmares.” .38**/.32** High Intensity Pleasure^# (1, 2, 3) “I like to ride my bike really fast down hills.” .61 .79 .37**/.43** Impulsivity^# (1, 2, 3) “I do things without thinking about them first.” .53 .71 .16/.18 Inhibitory Control^# (1, 2, 3) “I can stop myself from doing things too quickly.” .56 .75 .30**/.36** Low Intensity Pleasure^ (1, 2, 3) “I like playing quiet games.” “I like to look at trees.” .36**/.35** Perceptual Sensitivity^ (2,3) “I notice things that other people don’t notice.” .80 .85 .11/.11 Sadness^ (1, 2, 3) “Sometimes I feel sad for no reason.” .81 .74 .17/.26* Shyness^# (1, 2, 3) “I feel shy around new people.” .51 .70 .28*/.33** Smiling/Laughter^ (1) “I laugh a lot when silly things happen.” N/A2 Soothability/Falling Reactivity^# (1, 2, 3) “I go from being upset to feeling better in a few minutes.” .60 .69 .02/.22* Preliminary Conclusions 11 out of 16 self-report scales reached alphas >.60. Indicates fairly reliable self-report. With one exception (activity), parent scale alphas range from .69 to .90. Significant parent/child agreement on 11 out of 16 scales. Factor analysis with current sample data is inconclusive. Computerized questionnaire method effective (157 items/20 mins. vs. 65 items/1 hour for pencil-paper instruments; children report liking the activity). Current Studies Validation of Effortful Control scales via Temperament & Executive Attention Study – Ducky 2.0, Computerized Executive Attention Tasks, Mistaken Gift Task, EEG/ERPs. Data collection concluded. Psychometric testing of Version 3.0 with improved scales and addition of new Activation Control scale. Key: ^ - Based on corresponding CBQ Scale; # - Substantial revisions for Version 3. ** = p <.01, * = p<.05, + = p<.10, 1 – Scale not included in Versions 1 & 2. 2 – Scale not included in Versions 2 & 3.