Properties of Matter September 2, 2015 GWC Science

Lesson Objectives By the end if the lesson students will identify matter, mass, and weight SW be able to test the properties of minerals

What is matter? Everything! Definition: Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass is matter. Your desk, paper, pencil, and even the air you breath are matter.

What is mass? The mass of an object is the measurement of how much matter it contains. Mass cannot be changed by the location, shape and speed of the body.

Measurement Instruments Mass is measured using a balance such as the beam balance electronic balance Beam Balance Electronic Balance

Weight Is a measure of the force of gravity on an object The force of gravity changes on every planet

COMPARE AND CONTRAST MASS vs. WEIGHT Always remains constant Depends on gravity Does not depend on gravity weight=mass x gravity weight of an object changes if the gravity changes

Units for measuring mass Mass is measured in grams, milligrams and kilograms 1000 mg = 1 gram 1 paper clip =1 gram 1000g = 1kg Average human adult is 75 k

Calculate The Mass

Measuring Irregular Solids Measure the mass of the container that will hold the irregular solid Place the irregular solid inside the container Measure the mass of the container and irregular solid together Subtract the two measurements

Example The mass of a 50mL beaker is 150g The mass of an irregular solid plus the beaker is 200g What is the mass of the irregular solid?

Instruments used: beaker graduated cylinder Metric unit of measurement:liter L the amount of space an object takes up (or occupies) Definition:

The graduated cylinder is marked off in equal units of volume. The volume of the liquid Is 7 mL.

53 mL meniscus Measuring Liquid Volume

Regularly shaped Instrument used:metric ruler Formula: Metric unit of measurement:cm 3 Definition:the amount of space an object occupies Booklet V = L x W x H

5, 4, 3 4, 3, 2 8, 2, 3 10 cm 5 cm 2 cm

Irregularly shaped Method used:water displacement Metric unit of measurement:cm 3 Materials needed: graduated cylinder Booklet

Water Displacement Method AB Step 1: Add water to a graduated cylinder and record the amount. Step 2: Place the object into the graduated cylinder. Step 3: Record the volume of the water with the object. Step 4: Find the difference in water volume by subtracting. Step 5: Convert the liquid volume measurement (mL) to the measurement for solid volume (cm 3 ). *** Remember: 1 mL = 1 cm 3

Volume of water in graduated cylinder A = 200 mL Volume of water in graduated cylinder B =270 mL AB Difference in water:270 mL mL = 70 mL Volume of rock: 70 mL = 70 cm 3 Example #1

Volume of water without object: Volume of water with object: Difference in water volume: _____ Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm 3 32 mL 38 mL 32 mL 38 mL 6 mL 66 Volume of water without object: Volume of water with object: Difference in water volume: _____ Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm 3 32 mL 44 mL 32 mL 12 mL 12

Volume of water without object: Volume of water with object: Difference in water volume: _____ Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm 3 65 mL 69 mL 65 mL 69 mL 4 mL 44 Volume of water without object: Volume of water with object: Difference in water volume: _____ Volume of object _____ mL = _____ cm 3 46 mL 54 mL 46 mL 8 mL 88

What is density? Density relates the mass and volume of an object or material Density = mass OR mass ÷ volume. volume

Density M DV My Dear Valentine

Units Mass is grams Volume is cubic centimeters written as cm 3 Density is written as g/cm 3 ALWAYS REMEMBER UNITS!

Liquid Units Density is often expressed as grams per milliliter, or g/mL

Which one is more dense? Demonstration: People in a square How about this: Which square is more dense?

Which one is more dense? Now which one is more dense?

Density ObjectMass/gVol/cm 3 Density g/cm 3 Sink or Float? Aluminium sheet Gold bracelet Water Ice Block of pinewood Sink Float

What have you learned? What is matter? Everything, Anything that has mass and takes up space

How do you identify matter? We identify matter by its properties –How it taste, looks, and feels –Its size, shape, and color

What have you learned? What are some ways to identify matter? By its size, shape, color, looks, taste and feel

Physical Properties September 4, 2015 Materials: Science Notebook Pencil

Every form of matter has two kinds of properties –Chemical –Physical

Physical properties: things that can be observed by looking or smelling Physical changes DO NOT form a new substance Physical

Here are some ways you can physically change a sheet of paper: Cutting Tearing Shredding Folding Painting Writing on Gluing

Conductivity Luster Color State of matter Density Hardness Malleability Ductility

DENSITY Density is a weird one. You know by now that all matter has mass and volume. But density tries to describe how “packed in” the mass is within that volume. In other words, how compact is the stuff? This golf ball and marshmallow are about the same size (volume). But which is going to have more mass? The golf ball has way more mass. Since they’re about the same size, you know that the golf ball has a higher density.

COLOR Well, it might be pretty simple to say that a frog is green or jeans are blue or Joe is red, but there’s some pretty technical reasons for why things have colors. The point is that you can describe a substance’s color without changing it into a new substance.

LUSTER Ooohhh…look at that biscuit.Ooohhh…look at this gold ring. I desire the one on the left for its tastiness. I desire the one on the right for its LUSTER. Luster describes how shiny a substance is.

MAGNETISM The property of attracting certain metals. Examples: Iron Copper Nickel Paperclip Nail Steel

HARDNESS This one can be a little confusing. You’ve probably heard that the hardest substance on Earth is ___________. That means that a diamond can cut any other substance you can think of, even metals. The only thing that can cut a diamond is a slightly more pure diamond! However, that doesn’t mean that diamonds are stronger than anything else. I’d much rather live in a brick or steel house than a diamond one.

CONDUCTIVITY Some substances allow forms of energy, such as heat, sound, and electricity, to flow through them very easily. Apparently, Joe is one of those substances. These substances are very useful for things like:

Conductivity, contd. But other substances are useful to us because they’re NOT good conductors. We call those insulators. G.Conductivity – describes how well a substance allows heat or electricity to flow through it. Low conductivity substances are called “insulators.”

MALLEABILITY What do these substances have in common? If you said that they can be pounded with a mallet or hammer or fist or forehead into new shapes easily, then you’re right! H.Malleability – describes how easily a substance can be formed into new shapes. Opposite of “brittle.”

Brittleness Describes a substance having hardness and firmness(rigid) but little malleable strength. (Cannot form new shapes)

DUCTILITY What do THESE substances have in common? Well, of course…they’re all ductile! That just means they can be stretched or drawn into wires without falling apart or breaking. I.Ductility – describes how well a substance can be pulled into thin wires.

STATE OF MATTER A lot of you remembered that matter comes in three states: SOLID LIQUID GAS Whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas is a physical property. You can easily tell me what it is without having to change the substance. L.State of Matter – describes whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas.