Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving.  Practice measuring according to significant figures.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving

 Practice measuring according to significant figures.

 What is the volume of water in the graduated cylinder in mL?  How many sigfigs is this?  How many L is this?  Express this number in sci. notation.

 Always take the measurement to one decimal place past the smallest gradation (tic mark)  Graduated cylinders ▪ Beakers/flasks/bottles /etc. are NOT used for measuring! Measure the volume of liquids ONLY with a graduated cylinder  Rulers  When using the electronic balance, record the entire number on the screen

21.75 mL

 2.65 cm

3.53 cm

 The bathroom scale has markings at every 1 lb. Report the reading to the correct number of digits.

 The unit system for science measurements, based on the metric system, is called the International System of Units or SI units.

 The standard of length  The definition of a meter, established by international agreement in 1983, is the distance that light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 s. (The speed of light is 299,792,458 m/s.)

 The standard of mass  The kilogram is defined as the mass of a block of metal kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres, France. A duplicate is kept at the National Institute of Standards and Technology near Washington, D.C.

 The kilogram is a measure of mass, which is different from weight.  The mass of an object is a measure of the quantity of matter within it.  The weight of an object is a measure of the gravitational pull on that matter.  Consequently, weight depends on gravity while mass does not.

 The standard of time  The second is defined, using an atomic clock, as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation emitted from a certain transition in a cesium-133 atom.