TERMS OF REFERENCE If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal.

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Presentation transcript:

TERMS OF REFERENCE If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt)

Terms of Reference TERMS OF REFERENCE

Like an apple Like a loaf of bread Like a hamburger (horizon)

Central Sulcus Lateral Fissure LATERAL VIEW

8. Ventrolateral frontal cortex (aka lateral orbitofrontal cortex) 10. Lateral fissure, superior temporal gyrus, 13. Amygdala lies below the cortex 5 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex _________ VIEW

DORSAL VIEW

VENTRAL VIEW

_Ventral__ VIEW Locate: Orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex Temporal pole

Localize: Anterior Cingulate gyrus corpus callosum, Ventro medial prefrontal cortex, midfrontal cortex

Amygdala, Coronal view

Amygdala, horizontal cut, dissection

The Reward System: Activities of survival (sex, feed) activate the reward system Drugs of abuse similarly activate the reward system Dopamine Electrical stimulation of the reward system is also addictive

Electrical intracranial self-stimulation Olds & Milner (1954) The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven. (Satan, in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, book 1, ll. 254–5) Quoted by R. Cardinal VTA n. accumbens stimulation dopamine

Neuroimaging of face, bird and car experts “Face Experts” Fusiform Gyrus Fusiform Gyrus Car Experts Bird Experts Fusiform Gyrus Gauthier et al., 2000 Cars-ObjectsBirds-Objects

Control Group Autism Group Hypoactivation of fusiform face area Schultz, et al Faces Fusiform Gyrus Fusiform Gyrus Children with autism as face “novices”