Do now! James Prescott Joule DO NOW! 1. Can you write the title of the new unit Energy, work and power and date 2. stick in the revision topic list. 3. How many types (forms) of energy can you remember? 4 Books in at end of class

Learning today Work done W.D = Forces x distance in the direction of the force. The Joule J the unit for both energy and work done What is energy Types of energy

Work done - copy please When any object is moved around work will need to be done on it to get it to move (obviously). We can work out the amount of work done in moving an object using the formula: Work done = Force x distance moved in direction of the force in J in N in m joules newtons meters W dF

Question 1 Calculate the work done when a force of 5 newtons moves through a distance of 3 metres. work = force x distance = 5N x 3m work = 15 joules

Question 2 Calculate the work done when a force of 6 newtons moves through a distance of 40 centimetres. work = force x distance = 6 N x 40 cm = 6 N x 0.40 m work = 2.4 joules

Now do Make Force the subject of the equation Make distance the subject of the equation W dF

Question 3 Calculate the value of the force required to do 600 joules of work over a distance of 50 metres. work = force x distance becomes: force = work done ÷ distance = 600 J ÷ 50 m force = 12 newtons

Question 4 Calculate the distance moved by a force of 8 newtons when it does 72 joules of work. work = force x distance becomes: distance = work done ÷ force = 72 J ÷ 8 N distance moved = 9 metres

Example questions 1.Bori pushes a book 5m along the table with a force of 5N. He gets tired and decides to call it a day. How much work did he do? 2.Alicia lifts a laptop 2m into the air with a force of 10N. How much work does she do? 3.Martin does 200J of work by pushing a wheelbarrow with a force of 50N. How far did he push it? 4.Chris cuddles his cat and lifts it 1.5m in the air. If he did 75J of work how much force did he use? 5.Carl drives his car 1000m. If the engine was producing a driving force of 2000N how much work did the car do?

Question 5 Calculate the work done by a child of weight 300N who climbs up a set of stairs consisting of 12 steps each of height 20cm. work = force x distance The child must exert an upward force equal to its own weight. Therefore: force = 300N This force is exerted upwards and so the distance must also be measured upwards. = (12 x 20cm) = 2.4m therefore: work = 300 N x 2.4 m work = 720 J

What is Energy?

“The capacity to do work” Not a very good definition!

Energy measurement – Copy please Energy is measured in joules (J) To lift an apple 0.1 kg upwards by one metre requires about one joule of energy. 1 kilojoule (kJ) = J 10 3 J 1 megajoule (MJ) = J 10 6 J

Types of energy Energy can take many forms;

Now list the different types of energies in the following two groups Kinetic Energy – movement energy Potential Energy – energy due to position or shape or stored energy

Forms of energy 1. THERMAL or HEAT ENERGY This is the energy of an object due to its temperature. 2. LIGHT ENERGY This is energy in the form of visible electromagnetic radiation. Energy can exist in many forms.

Light

5. KINETIC ENERGY This is the energy possessed by a moving object. Kinetic energy increases is the object’s speed is increased. Also often called ‘Movement energy’ A kicked football has 50J of energy

Kinetic (movement)

3. ELECTRICAL ENERGY This is the energy transferred by an electric current. 4. SOUND ENERGY This is energy in the form of a sound wave.

Chemical

Nuclear

6. CHEMICAL ENERGY This is energy that is released when chemical reactions take place. Sources of chemical energy include: fuel, food and batteries. Energy in one chocolate biscuit J Energy in the food you in one day J 7. NUCLEAR ENERGY This is energy that is released when nuclear reactions take place. This is the source of the Sun’s energy.

Gravitational potential

8. POTENTIAL ENERGY This is the energy possessed an object due to its position. Gravitational Potential Energy The gravitational potential energy of an object increases if it is raised upwards. Elastic Potential Energy Gravitational potential energy being converted into kinetic energy. This is the energy stored in a stretched or squashed object - also known as strain energy

Strain A fully flexed bow stores around 300J of energy

Now list the different types of energies in the following two groups Kinetic Energy – movement energy Thermal Light Sound Electric Kinetic Potential Energy – energy due to position or shape or stored energy Chemical Gravitational Strain Nuclear

The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can be changed (transformed) from one type to another, but it can never be made or destroyed.

This means that the total amount of energy in the Universe stays the same!

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Energy Flow diagrams We can write energy flow diagrams to show the energy changes that occur in a given situation. For example, when a car brakes, its kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy I the brakes. Kineticheat

Other examples When a rocket launches.

Other examples When a rocket launches. Chemicalkinetic + sound + heatgravitational

Energy Circus Around the room are a few examples of energy changes (some simple, some a little more complicated!) For each example I want you to write the name of the experiment and then the energy flow diagram for that experiment You will have 2 minutes on each example.

Ready?

Go!