The Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Church Strikes Back! SWBAT explain how the Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation with the Counter-Reformation. This will not be the last you see of me! Friday classwork: Use this packet to help you complete the invitations on page 24 of your Renaissance, Reformation, Revolution packet Weekend homework: Use this packet to help you RSVP to the invitations on page 24 of your R3 packet… see directions on page 24 of your R3 packet for directions

As Protestantism spread, the Catholic Church had to reform itself! Counter: To go against The Counter- Reformation went against the Protestant Reformation! As Protestantism spread, the Catholic Church had to reform itself! Three goals: Clarify teachings Correct abuses Win people back to Catholicism Three strategies: The Council of Trent Jesuit Schools & Missions The Roman Inquisition Pope Paul III We must change ourselves, or else it will be the end of Catholicism!

…a member of the Catholic Church. Pretend you are… …a member of the Catholic Church.

You have been invited to the Council of Trent! Will you accept the invitation?

ALL CATHOLICS ARE INVITED TO THE COUNCIL OF TRENT! Do you like talking? Do you like sitting? I hope so… because you will do this for 18 years if you come to the Council of Trent!

A major part of the Counter-Reformation was the Council of Trent A major part of the Counter-Reformation was the Council of Trent. The council was a meeting of church leaders that began in Trent, Italy in 1545. Pope Paul III summoned the council to combat corruption in the church and to fight Protestantism. The council continued its work in more than 20 sessions over the next 18 years. In response to Protestant ideas, the council gave a more precise statement of Catholic teachers. It rejected John Calvin’s idea of predestination, declaring that individuals do have a role to play in deciding the fate of their souls. The council agreed with the Protestants that faith was important and salvation was God’s gift. But it rejected salvation by faith alone. The council insisted that faith, good works, and the sacraments were all necessary for salvation. It reaffirmed Catholic belief in seven sacraments. The council also acknowledged the importance of the Bible. It insisted, however, on the church’s authority to interpret the Bible. It said that the Latin Bible was the only official scripture. Besides stating Catholic teachings, the council took action to make needed changes in the church. It required better education and training of church leaders. It called for priests and bishops to spend more time preaching. It corrected many of the abuses involving money and church offices. And it set down rules for church services so that they would be more alike everywhere. The Council of Trent went a long way toward achieving the goals of Pope Paul III. The council’s work brought a higher standard of morality to the church’s leadership. Its statements of Catholic belief and practices helped unify the church. The reformed church was better able to compete with Protestantism for the loyalties of Christians.

…a native of the Americas. Pretend you are… …a native of the Americas.

You have been invited to the Jesuit mission! Will you accept the invitation?

Follow Christ instead! ALL NATIVE AMERICANS ARE INVITED TO THE JESUIT MISSION! Tired of praying to the rain god? Follow Christ instead! Bonus: The missionary may even give you a free music lesson!

Pope Paul III St. Ignatius of Loyola The spirit of reform brought new life to the Catholic Church. Many groups helped to spread its reformed message. The most important of these groups was the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits. The Jesuits were founded by Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish nobleman. As a young soldier, Ignatius had his leg shattered by a cannonball in a battle. While he was recovering, he read about the lives of saints. He vowed to become “a soldier for Jesus.” After years of study, Ignatius started the group that became the Jesuits. The Jesuits were dedicated missionaries. They worked to spread Catholicism in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. St. Ignatius of Loyola FUN FACT: Loyola Marymount University was named after St. Ignatius of Loyola. That’s also why LMU’s mascot was named Iggy!

…a follower of Martin Luther. Pretend you are… …a follower of Martin Luther.

You have been invited to the Roman Inquisition! Will you accept the invitation?

ALL PROTESTANTS ARE INVITED TO THE ROMAN INQUISITION! There will be a “bonfire”! We will burn any books with heretical beliefs! ALL PROTESTANTS ARE INVITED TO THE ROMAN INQUISITION! We’ll play “musical chairs!” Heretics, take a seat! We’ll play “pin the saw on the heretic!”

The Catholic Catholic Church also fought the spread of Protestantism by condemning beliefs that it considered to be errors and dealing harshly with those it labeled heretics. It looked to Catholic rulers to support its efforts and to win back lands lost to Protestantism. To deal with heresies during the Middle Ages, the church had established the Inquisition. This body was made up of churchmen called inquisitors who sought out and tried heretics. Inquisitors could order various punishments, including fines and imprisonment. Sometimes they turned to civil rulers to put heretics to death. After the Reconquista, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain used the Spanish Inquisition to target Jews and Muslims. With the start of the Protestant Reformation, the Spanish Inquisition also fought against the spread of Protestantism. In Rome, the pope also established a new Inquisition. The Roman Inquisition sought out and condemned people, including churchmen, whose views were considered dangerous. The church also published a list of books that it said offended Catholic faith or morals. Catholic were forbidden to read any of the books on the list.

Come to the Council of Trent! Who is hosting? Pope Paul III, leader of the Catholic Church Who is invited? Leaders of the Catholic Church What will happen? Leaders will discuss how to improve the Catholic Church. When will it happen? 1545 – 1563 (18 years with 20 sessions) Where will it happen? Trent, Italy Why will it happen? The Catholic Church needs to fix itself so that it can gain back members. Homework: If I were a leader of the Catholic Church, I would / would not want to attend the Council of Trent for several reasons.

Come to a Jesuit Mission! Who is hosting? St. Ignatius of Loyola, leader of the Jesuits Who is invited? Native people from the Americas, Africa, and Asia What will happen? Missionaries will teach people about the Catholic faith. When will it happen? After 1540, when the Pope recognized the Jesuits Where will it happen? the Americas, Africa, and Asia Why will it happen? The Catholic Church will attract new members on other continents. If I were a native person of the Americas, I would / would not want to go to a Jesuit mission because...

The Roman Inquisition Who is hosting? The Catholic Church Who is invited? Protestants What will happen? The Catholic Church will torture Protestants who spread their beliefs and ban books that go against the Catholic Church. When will it happen? After the Protestant Reformation Where will it happen? Rome, Italy Why will it happen? The Catholic Church must fight Protestants who threaten the Catholic Church. If I were a Protestant, I would / would not want to go to the Roman Inquisition because...

HW Model Answers If I were a leader of the Catholic Church, I would want to attend the Council of Trent because I would be able to help make the Catholic Church better. I would be able to fix corruption in the church. For example, I would ban the selling of indulgences. If I were Roman Catholic, I would NOT want to attend the Council of Trent because the meeting would last too long. 18 years is a long time to discuss making the Catholic Church better. I could’ve solved the Catholic Church’s problems in 18 seconds.

HW Model Answers If I were a native of the Americas, I would want to go to a Jesuit mission because I would be able to learn about the Catholic Church. If I became a Christian, I would be able to gain salvation. I would be able to go to heaven. If I were a native of the Americas, I would NOT want to go to a Jesuit mission because I would want to keep my own religion. What makes Christianity any better than the religion I already have? I enjoy praying to the chocolate god.

HW Model Answer If I were a Protestant, I would NOT want to go to the Roman Inquisition because the Catholic Church would accuse me of heresy. The Catholic Church would then torture me to get more information about the Protestant movement. The Catholic Church will take away my Protestant books and burn them!