Opener: 10/16 - #6 COPY and answer the following: Based on what you already know about Europe, what are the similarities and differences of life there compare to living in the United States? 3-5 Complete Sentences

Classical Europe - #7 European History & Government

Classical Europe Ancient Greece & Ancient Rome o Greeks – early 400s and 300s BCE o Romans – Between 275 BCE and 476 CE

Geographical Advantages 1)Mild climate o Societies had time to develop complex institutions such as governments 2)Mediterranean Sea encouraged overseas trade o Exchanging of ideas = advances in knowledge

Ancient Greece Greeks were organized into city-states. City-state : a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding areas The two most important city states were Athens and Sparta.

Ancient Greece Athens Developed the first democracy Democracy : a government in which the people rule Helped inspire the U.S. system of government Sparta Instead of a democracy, Sparta built a military state. Women had more rights than the women in Athens Eventually, conquered Athens

Classical Greece Parthenon – most famous structure in Ancient Greece Olympic Games were created by the Greeks o Olympic events consisted of running, wrestling, boxing, chariot races, and many other events.

Alexander the Great BCE Alexander unified Greek and Macedonian forces to extend his empire to modern day Pakistan. He died at the age of 32 and is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history. He helped spread the Greek culture and blend it with others in the East.

Macedonian Empire

Ancient Rome The Romans began their powerful empire in the mid- 1 st century BCE and it lasted until 476 CE. Republic : a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name Christianity eventually became Rome’s official religion The Romans eventually took over almost all of the area around the Mediterranean Sea. Height of the Roman Empire – 118 CE

End of the Roman Empire Empire was too big for a single government – split in two: western & eastern Western – grew weak, fell to Germanic invaders from the north Eastern – transformed into the Byzantium Empire which lasted another 1000 years.

Crusades European Christians launched the Crusades Crusades : a series of religious wars to take Palestine (Jerusalem) from the Muslims Brought wealth and power to the Italians

Crusades Christians hold Jerusalem sacred because this is where Christians believe Jesus was buried and resurrected into heaven. Muslims hold it sacred because this is where Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Middle Ages The period between the Fall of Rome and the Renaissance is called the Middle Ages – CE Feudalism replaced centralized government in many places in Western Europe Feudalism : a political system in which powerful lords owned most of the land

Bubonic Plague 1347, bubonic plague (Black Death) reached Italy Spread throughout Europe by trade routes 25 million Europeans died, ¼ to 1/3 of the total population om/topics/black- deathhttp:// om/topics/black- death

Renaissance Began in Italy in the 14 th century and lasted through the 16 th century The Renaissance was a “rebirth” in learning and the arts

Renaissance Artists Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa & Last Supper Michelangelo – Sculpture of David

Protestant Reformation People began questioning the authority of the Catholic Church Martin Luther criticized church practices he believed were wrong – For example: individuals could ask for forgiveness without a priest Reformation : a period where many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches

Protestant Reformation Led Catholics and Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart Mostly Catholic – Italy, France, Spain Mostly Protestant – G.B., Netherlands, Switzerland

The Age of Discovery Mid-1400s to early 1500s Europeans were looking for new trade routes to India and China. Many merchants wanted to skip the middle-man in trading and keep more of the profits themselves. This began the new era of sea travel looking for new routes.

The Age of Exploration 1450s -1600s Bartholomew Dias – first to reach Africa’s Cape of Good Hope. Chris Columbus – heads west to look for western route to Asia. Vasco da Gama – Rounds Cape of Good Hope and reaches India. Magellan – 5 ships and 270 men set off to circumnavigate the globe. Magellan dies on the trip. Eighteen of his crew and one ship make it back to port. Took ~ 3 years.

Classical Europe Timeline - #8 chronological order Using TB pages , create a timeline, in chronological order, with the following events: Renaissance Middle Ages Ancient Greece Bubonic Plague Reformation Roman Empire Crusades Include the following on your timeline: 1)Date(s) of event 2)Description of event 3)Illustration related to event **Make sure you find the dates before completing your timeline!!

Classical Europe Timeline 2000 B.C.–338 BCE Ancient Greece Birthplace of democracy