1 I.P.S.I.A. “L. Zanussi”di Pordenone Clil project Alunne: L.Contino; T. De Nardi Classe: IIC IAM Disciplina: Scienze

2 The nutrition groups are: Carbohydrates Proteins Fat Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water A balanced diet is made up of all the above nutriens. There are chemical tests for carboydrates, proteins and fats.

3 Carbohydrates consist of starch and types of sugar, e.g. glucose (the sugar our bodies use for respiration) and lactose (the sugar in milk). We need carbohydrates to give us energy. Starch is made up of smaller glucose molecules joined together. Plants store glucose as starch. Glycogen is also a carbohydrate. Animals store glucose as glycogen. These foods contain a lot of carbohydrates.

4 Add two drops of yellow iodine solution to food solution. Solution will turn blue/black if starch is present.

5 Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution to food solution. Heat in a water bath until it boils. If glucose is present, an orange precipitate will form.

6 Fats are made fatty acid and glycerol. We need fat for o store of energy, to make cell membranes and for warmth (insulation). Fat can also be bad for us. Cholesterol is a fatty deposit that can narrow arteries and contribute to heart disease. This food contains a lot of fat:

7 Add 2cm3 of ethanol to the food solution in the test tube and shake. Add 2cm3 of water to the test tube and sake again. Fat is present if the solution turns cloudy white.

8 Water makes up approximately 65% of your body weight. Water is important because: Our blood plasma is mainly water. Water is sweat that cools us down. Chemical reactions in our cells take place in water. Waste products are removed from our bodies in water. Food and drink contain water.

9 We only need these in small amounts, but they are essential for good health. Vitamins and minerals are found in fruit, vegetables and cereals. Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals. Vitamin C keeps the skin strong and supple without it the skin cracks and the gums bleed. Vitamin D helps the bones harden in children; without it the bones stay soft (a disease called rickets). We need the mineral iron for making haemoglobin and the mineral calcium for healthy bones and teeth. Deficiency

10 Your body cells are mostly made of protein. Proteins are made up of lots of amino acids. We need protein to repair and replace damaged cells or to make new cells during growth. These foods contain a lot of protein:

11 Fibre, or roughage, comes from plants. Fibre is not actually digested; it just keeps food moving smoothly through your system. Fibre provides something for your gut muscles to push against. It is a bit like squeezing toothpaste through a tube. It prevents constipation. These are foods containing a lot of fibre:

12 QUICK TEST What do we use carbohydrates for? Name the two main carbohydrates. What is the chemical test for starch? What is the chemical test for glucose? What do our bodies need fat for? How would you test for fat? Why is protein important to our cells? What is the chemical test for protein? Why is fibre important? What are deficiency diseases caused by?

13 Energy Starch and glucose Iodine; a blue/black colour means starch is present Benedict’s solution and heat; an orange precipitate means glucose is present Store energy, make cell membranes and insulation Ethanol and water; cloudy means fat is present Repair and replace cells, and make new cells for growth Biuret test; if solution turns purple, protein is present It helps food move through your system and prevents constipation Lack of vitamins and minerals SOLUTIONS