BALANCE OF MATERIAL

Practical Advices During the generation of the Material Balance phase

Input determination Consider the following questions: –Is the size of the raw materials inventory appropriate so their losses may be minimized? –Could it be possible to reduce the transfer distances between storage and processing or distance between operating units? –Is there any mutual contamination risk in reservoirs that may store two or more raw materials? –Are the material sacks completely emptied?

Consider the following questions : –Is the raw material storage area secure? –Is there solar light interference in the storage areas? –Does the material conveyance system receives regular maintenance? –Are there leaks? –Are the pipe lines drained by gravity? Output determination

Consider the following points: –From where is the water extracted and where is this stored? –What is the water storage capacity in plant? –How is the water transported in the plant? –Does there exist considerable rainfall in this area? Water consumption

What is the water used for in each operation? With what frequency does each action take place? How much water is used in each action? Water consumption for each unit operation

Strict control on consumption. Increase concentration – economical recovery of raw material. Good manufacturing practices options. Waste water storage options for a possible reuse. Reduction in water consumption

Identify all discharge points (frequently of discharge and is there more than one) Identify location where the flows of multiple operation units or process areas join. Generate a monitoring programme for the volume of water used for each unit operation. Define maximum production conditions, opening, closing and washing to obtain the water generation characterization of the enterprise. Effluent concentration

Determine if there exit a combination of rain and residual waters. Use volumetric measurement for small and intermittent flows. Effluent concentration

Include in the analysis pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total suspended solids, Oils, Fats & Grease. Effluent concentration determination

The following questions have to be asked: –Are there odours associated with any unit operation? –Is there a specific time when emissions may be detected? –Are there contamination control equipment? –Are emissions directed to the outside of the confined spaces? –Are gases washed in the enterprise? Gaseous emissions contamination

The following questions have to be asked: –What is done with wash solution for the gases? Could it be reused? –Do the employees depend on a security team? Gaseous emissions contamination

The following questions have to be asked: –Where is the origin of the residue? –Can it be optimized by any other process/es? –Can alternative raw materials be used to generate less residue or can its management be facilitated? –Is there any component that may cause all the residue to be dangerous? Outside residues disposal contamination

The following questions have to be asked: –Are there any possibility of isolating the dangerous residues? –Do the residues contain valuable materials? –Is there the possibility of creating a storage area in the plant? Outside residues disposal contamination

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