The Early Cold War 1945-1953. Communism vs. Capitalism.

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Cold War

Communism vs. Capitalism

Karl Marx

Marxism History is a progression. –Feudalism --> Capitalism --> Communism History is a conflict between the classes. The proletariat will rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie. Afterwards, there will be a communist utopia. The Communist Manifesto – 1848; Capital – 1867.

Communism The proletariat (workers) will overthrow the bourgeoisie (rich and propertied). The workers will own the means of production – factories, tools, etc. There will be no social classes.

V. I. Lenin

Marxism-Leninism Similar to Marxism, except Lenin said the workers needed to be led in their revolution, and that capitalism was not a necessary precondition for communism. Marxism-Leninism also justified a dictatorship.

Joseph Stalin

Stalinism Marxism-Leninism practiced by Stalin. Called for rapid industrialization by means of “Five-Year Plans.”

Potsdam Conference, 1945

The Cold War Defined An ideological, political, social, economic, and military struggle for supremacy and influence between communism, represented by the Soviet Union, and capitalism, represented by the United States, lasting from approximately

Early Conflicts The early Cold War was played out in a number of “small” conflicts and policy decisions. –The Berlin Airlift –Greek Civil War –The Korean War

Berlin Airlift

Presidential Policies

Harry S. Truman

Truman’s Presidency President from –Truman Doctrine –Marshall Plan –NATO –National Security Act –Containment policy – George Kennan

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Eisenhower’s Presidency President from –Domino theory –Mutual Assured Destruction –Expanding nuclear arsenal

Nuclear Build-Up

The Tide of Communism

Mao Zedong

China China “falls” to communism in –Mao becomes dictator.

Russian Nukes In 1949, the U.S.S.R. develops its own nuclear bomb.

Fidel Castro

Cuba Fidel Castro led a long guerilla war against the Cuban dictatorship. –In 1959, Cuba becomes communist and Castro makes himself dictator. –Eisenhower almost immediately begins plotting Castro’s overthrow.

Fears The spread of communism to Cuba and China, as well as the trials of spies in the United States, led to fears of a worldwide communist conspiracy.

The Korean War

Korean War, U.S. troops fight against North Koreans and Chinese. War ends in a stalemate and a ceasefire that continues today.