Impressionist Music Claude Debussy –Elusive moods and haunting sensations –Debussy’s musical compositions were often inspired by the visual arts. Igor Stravinsky –Ballets based on Russian folk tales –Unusual dancing, pulsating rhythms, sharp dissonances. –(one show caused a riot in the theater)

Late 19 th -century Politics. Post 1894—decline in democracy Jews in Europe 1. Emancipated post 1848, especially in France and Germany. 2. Severely persecuted in eastern Europe, especially Russia and the Ukraine. 3. Rise in antisemitism—seen in nationalistic political parties in Austria and Germany. Also, in the Dreyfus Affair in France--1895

Zionist Movement Theodor Herzl—The Jewish State— response to antisemitism.

Liberalism in Great Britain 1. David Lloyd George and liberal party shifted to a more modern day liberal image—embraced values of the Labour Party on the left. Abandoned old liberal ideas of laissez-faire. 2. National Insurance Act of 1911— sickness and unemployment benefits. Beginning of welfare state. 3. Weakened House of Lords in 1911

France’s Third Republic Dreyfus Affair—highlighted anti-semitism. Ended up backfiring for conservatives. Church divorced from state schools and other activities. Church lands seized. Army purged of anti-republican members.

Germany 1. Growing tension—more industrialized economy, thus more industrial workers. Socialist Democratic Party became the largest party in the Reichstag. 2. Bismarck wasn’t into imperialism, but conservatives later persuaded Wilhelm II to support to boost nationalism. It was a good political distraction. 3. Pan-German League stressed nationalism and imperialism—right wing group

Russia Sergey Witte-Finance Minister 1. Focused on industrializing Russia, building rail lines, such as the Trans- Siberian railway, and implementing protective tariffs. Steel production increased. 2. Russo-Japanese War — fought of access to Korea—Russia lost. 3. Led to 1905 Rev. sparked after Bloody Sunday

Imperialism 1. Review from last year. All the motives. 2. Germany last to enter in to the imperialist ranks. Berlin Conference —plan to divide up Africa. 3. China. Opium War , Boxer Rebellion and Open Door Policy, 1899.

Austria-Hungary 1. Nationality problem never settled. 2. Right to vote led to more agitation from minorities. Prime Ministers just ignored Parliament. 3. German nationalist groups rose up in response. 4. Hungary kept in line by the threat of democracy for its minorities.

Africa from 1878 to What changes to you see between the map in the bottom left and the map on the top right? What could explain these changes?

Social Darwinism Henry Spencer was the main advocate of this ideology. Racial superiority as advocated by Houston Stewart Chamberlain in The Foundations of the 19th-Centry

–5. More benign, but equally racist was the White Man’s burden: The belief that it is the White Man’s moral obligation to civilize the “savage” peoples of the world. This belief is centered on racial superiority. –How does the cartoon to the left depict the White Man’s burden?

Key Events in Africa 1. Suez Canal Berlin Conference Belgian Congo under Leopold ( ) 4. Failed Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1896) 5. Late arrival of Germany. Why? 6. Successful Italian invasion of Libya (1912) 7. Boer War Cecil Rhodes’ influence

Key Events in Asia 1. Sepoy Rebellion Peace of Paris after 7 Years’ War Opium War Spheres of Influence in China 5. Boxer Rebellion 6. US Open Door Policy 7. Russo-Japanese War Japanese occupation of Korea US asserts dominance in Philippines after Span-Amer war Thailand remains neutral. Why?