Biodiversity – Notes for Unit Project Bio 11

Circulation Heart pumps blood Location of bloodExample Open circulation Blood pumped from heart into body cavity where it surrounds tissues Insects, mollusks Closed circulation Blood always enclosed in blood vessels i.e. veins, arteries humans, fish, frogs, worms

Not all organisms have a circulatory system Some use diffusion from digestive tract to get nutrients and oxygen where they need to go Some use diffusion across the cell membrane to get the necessary gases for life into the cell Plants do have a circulatory system; however, it is not blood that is circulating

Corporal structure/ Division of work Some organisms have only cellular structure (i.e. organelles, membranes) Multicellular organisms likely have a more complex structure and division of work i.e. cells with similar structures/functions form tissues Tissues with similar structures/functions form organs Organs work together to form systems

Types of Symmetry Very important in Kingdom Animalia but applicable to others as well Vocab: Dorsal surface = back Ventral surface = front (ventral = stomach) Anterior = head Posterior = end opposite head Symmetrical = has symmetry Asymmetrical = doesn’t have symmetry *state this if your organism/ Kingdom doesn’t demonstrate symmetry

Types of Symmetry Bilateral symmetry: dividing the organism in 2 along one central line only creates 2 mirror images

Types of Symmetry Radial symmetry: the body is organized around a central vertical axis. No right or left sides. Cutting through central axis at any point produces 2 halves that are mirror images.

Key words to explain or diagram (+ others you come across): Provirus, retrovirus Anaerobic Binary fission, conjugation, endospore Flagella, cilia, eyespot, pseudopod, micronucleus, macronucleus Mycelium, hypha Vertebrate, invertebrate Xylem, phloem, stomata, pollination