LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS NEW ZEALAND PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA.

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS NEW ZEALAND PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s Atmospheric- lithospheric Interactions Cause:  Floods

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN NEW ZEALAND FLOODS WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES

ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

HAZARDSHAZARDS ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

RUGGED TOPOGRAPHY AND THE WAIMAKARIRI RIVER FLOODPLAIN

The combination of torrential rain from summer rain storms and occasional cyclones, and the steep slopes favorable for flash floods leads to opportunities for disaster.

FLOOD HAZARDS: ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

FLOOD HAZARDS TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE INUNDATION EROSION SCOUR MUDFLOWS

A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH THE VULNERABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS OF NEW ZEALAND’S COMMUNITIES

NEW ZEALAND’S CITIES

A DISASTER is the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

Disasters are caused by s ingle- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

THE REASONS ARE... When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

THE REASONS ARE... The community is UN- PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence— high-probability of adverse consequences event.

THE REASONS ARE... The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for concerted local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

THE REASONS ARE... The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

THE REASONS ARE... The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

NOTABLE FLOOD DISASTERS FEBRUARY 13, 2004

FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 The flooding began on February 13, when a series of unusual summer storms that brought heavy rain and strong winds to the lower North Island.

FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 The floods damaged at least 19 bridges, affected water and sewer systems, and knocked out power and communications for several days.

FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 Instead of being beneficial to agriculture by adding rich soil, the 2004 floods destroyed crops and devastated cattle and sheep farmers.

FLOOD DISASTER OF 2004 As a result of 2004’s flooding, vegetable prices increased more than 200 percent.

ECONOMIC LOSS: ESTIMATED AT $200 million.

NOTABLE FLOOD DISASTERS SOUTH ISLAND DECEMBER 13, 2011

THE CAUSE: FIVE DAYS OF TORENTIAL RAIN The flood started on 12/13/2011 and ended on 12/17/ :59:59 PM, a duration of 5 days. This flood was assigned a severity class 2 (i.e. this is an extreme event with an estimated recurrence interval greater than 100 years).

IMPACTS The damage was widespread and in some cases spectacular, as walls of water and mud smashed through some houses and across roads, rendering them impassable, but no deaths.

DEC. 13 FLOODING

THE IMPACTS More than 100 people were evacuated from their homes. Collingwood was cut off for three days after a large portion of State Highway 60 was washed away by the one-in-100- year rainfall event.

DEC. 13 FLOODING

THE IMPACTS "Nelson and Tasman faced a massive clean-up bill from the destructive torrential downpour, which produced nearly three months' rain in just 24 hours.

NOTABLE FLOOD IMAGES

HIGH DISCHARGE AFTER A STORM

FLOODING: WHAKATANE RIVER

INUNDATION

CHRISTCHURCH: FLOODING

FLOODING: SOUTH ISLAND

CYCLONE BOLA PASSED NEAR NEW ZEALAND : MARCH 1988

FLOODING AFTER CYCLONE BOLA

FLOODING

FLOOD INDUCED LANDSLIDE

ROAD WASHED OUT

NEW ZEALAND’S NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE ---SO, START IMPLEMENTING MEASURES FOR BECOMING MORE RESILIENT TO A FLOOD DISASTER NOW.

THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

NEW ZEALAND’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS FLOOD HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PROHIBITING THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND LIFELINE SYSTEMS IN A RIVER FLOODPLAIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION PLANS TO MOVE PEOPLE TO SAFE HAVENS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EFFICIENT AND TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION OF SERVICES TO NORMAL IS ESSENTIAL FOR RECOVERY AND DISASTER RESILIENCE