UNIT SIX – PEOPLE & EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS, 600-1600 AD WORLD HISTORY UNIT SIX – PEOPLE & EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS, 600-1600 AD

UNIT 6, LESSON 1 Do Now – Unit 6 Work Packets in your binders!! Lecture – “North American Societies” Note Check Honors and Warnings HW: Read Chapter 16, Section 1 and complete Guided Reading Worksheet, Section 1

North American Societies Background North American peoples come from Asia between 40,000 and 12,000 BC, but spread and adapt Complex Societies in the West Unlike Mesoamerica, North Americans never created great empires They did build magnificent buildings and long-distance trade routes

North American Societies Complex Societies in the West People of the Pacific Northwest Culture of abundance Resources The sea Whales for hunting in large canoes Coastal forests Showed their wealth with a ceremony called the potlatch

North American Societies Complex Societies of the West People of the Southwest – Accomplished Builders People of the Southwest face a harsh environment Had contact with people from Mesoamerica Use of pottery rather than baskets Anasazi Built impressive cliff dwellings and pueblos Village of large houses on top of flat hills Showed impressive organization and inventiveness Made of stone and adobe Largest – Pueblo Bonito – had 600 rooms

North American Societies Where?

North American Societies Mound Builders East of the Mississippi River in the woodlands Around 700 BC the “Mound-Builders” begin to build large mounds of earth to bury their dead The Mississippian Culture lasted until the 1500s AD Villages based on farming and trade Cahokia – around 1,000 AD, a city of 30,000 people, near present-day St. Louis

North American Societies Tribes of the Northeast Woodlands peoples clashed over land The Iroquois Upstate New York Political alliance or league to promote defense and cooperation Most connections were economic (trade), religious or cultural Religion Most tribes believe in some kind of nature spirits, as well as rituals to promote peace and harmony Totems

Honors & Warnings Questions Did I do all my homework? Did Mr. Middleton need to remind me to do my hw? How did I do on quizzes 5.1 & 5.2? What is my attitude like in class? Do I participate in class in a positive way? Do I help other students out in this class?

HONORS & WARNINGS From last time: Luis – W Joey – W Nick – W William – H David – H Imani Tao

HONORS & WARNINGS New: Luis – T Joey – T Nick – W William – H David – H Imani – H Tao- H

HONORS & WARNINGS From last time: Ciaran – W Susanna – H Jacob – W Kiefer – H OG Max – H Austin – T Jailene – T Alexi – H MZT – H Gigi Judah Jeremia Hang

HONORS & WARNINGS New: Ciaran – W Susanna – H Jacob – W Kiefer – H OG Max – H Austin – H Jailene – H Alexi – T MZT – H Gigi – H Judah – W Jeremia – H Hang – T

UNIT 6, LESSON 2 Do Now HW Review Free Write HW: Reteaching Activity Worksheet – Section 1

Do Now 1. What was the most important resource for the peoples of the Northwest? Why? 2. For what purpose did the Mound Builder cultures use earthen mounds? 3. Why did the tribes of upper New York form a political alliance?

Free Write What kinds of interactions did North American societies have with each other? What evidence do we have of this?

Free Write What kinds of interactions did North American societies have with each other? What evidence do we have of this? Artifacts Burial Sites Trade Ruins Political Alliances Legends

UNIT 6, LESSON 3 Do Now – Notecard activity (terms from section 1) HW Review Lecture – Maya Kings and Cities Note Check HW: Binder check, Read Chapter 16, Section 2 and complete Guided Reading Worksheet – Section 2

Do Now – Terms from Section 1 Potlach Anasazi Pueblo Mississippian Iroquois Totem

Maya Kings and Cities Maya Create City-States Mesoamerica Yucatan Peninsula Both dry forest and dense jungles Classic Period 250 to 900 AD Tikal Large city in Northern Guatemala Center for religious ceremonies and trade Other cities Over 50 other cities and sites Each city was an independent city-state, ruled by a god-king Site of pyramids, temples, palaces, and tens of thousands of people

Maya Kings and Cities Temple IV – Tikal 212 Feet Tall Tallest building in Pre-Columbian North America

Maya Kings and Cities Maya Create City-States Agriculture & Trade City-states linked through alliances and trade Farmed maize, beans, and squash Traded goods Salt, feathers, shells, honey Traded crafts Cotton textiles and jade jewelry Cacao Beans – sort of currency

Maya Kings and Cities Maya Create City-States Dynasties Successful farming leads to accumulation of wealth and division of classes 1. Maya King A holy figure Hereditary position 2. Noble class Priests and Warriors 3. Merchants and specialized workers 4. Peasants Majority

Maya Kings and Cities Maya Religion Polytheistic Practices Desired to keep the world in balance Made offerings to the gods Food, flower, incense, piercings, their own blood, human sacrifice Math and Religion Each day was the burden of a particular god Important to know which god was in charge each day, to predict behavior 260-day religious calendar, as well as a 365-day solar calendar Told the best time to plant crops, to attack enemies, to crown rulers, etc. Very accurate

Maya Kings and Cities Written Language Preserves History Most advanced in the ancient Americas 800 glyphs Some are words, others syllables Recorded in bark-paper book called a codex (only 3 exist) Popol Vuh – book written after arrival of the Spanish about creation

Maya Kings and Cities Mysterious Decline Around 800, they abandon many of their cities Invaders from the north move into the lands, but the “high civilization” disappears Theories Warfare between city-states disrupts trade Population growth and over-farming damages the environment – famine Spanish arrive in the 1500s – Maya were already diminished

UNIT 6, LESSON 4 Do Now Binder Check HW Review Independent Work: Reteaching Activity, Section 2 Pop Review – Main Ideas Questions HW: Study for quiz on Sections 1-2 (focus on Main Ideas Questions in text book)

Do Now Define these terms: Tikal Glyph Codex Popol Vuh

BINDER CHECK Check plus – your binder has four sections (class notes, handouts, homework, old quizzes & tests), and has these three things: UNIT 6 WORK PACKET, NOTES FROM YESTERDAY & QUIZ 5.2 Check – your binder doesn’t have sections, but has everything required Check minus – your binder is disorganized and you can’t find what you need Zero – you have no binder

MAIN IDEAS What was the basis of Maya life? Why was the calendar important for the Maya religion? What three explanations have been given for the collapse of the Maya civilization?

UNIT 6, LESSON 5 Take Quiz (26 Minutes) Maya Architecture (quiz each other with questions) HW: Catch-Up, Honors Packet Work

UNIT 6, LESSON 6 Do Now Lecture – “The Aztecs Control Central Mexico” Note Check HW: Quiz Corrections (if under a 90%) Must be on a separate sheet of paper, stapled to old quiz

Do Now What have we learned about Mexican history so far?

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico The Valley of Mexico Today’s Mexico City Site of the greatest empire of Mesoamerica – the Aztec Advantages: Fertile Soil Accessible resources Large lakes Obsidian – green or black volcanic glass, used to make sharp edges

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico The Valley of Mexico Before the Aztec… Teotihuacan – large city-state 200,000 people Giant Pyramid of the Sun – “Avenue of the Dead” Did not try to create an empire The Toltecs Like other civilizations (pyramids, temples, etc.) Legend of Quetzalcoatl and Topiltzin Leads to exile of followers, legend become relevant later

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico Quetzalcoatl Avenue of the Dead Pyramid of the Sun

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico The Aztec Empire Aztecs arrive in the Valley of Mexico around AD 1200. (Also called the Mexica) Originally a nomadic people from the harsh deserts of Northern Mexico How might this have affected them?? Aztec founding legend God of sun and warfare said to look for an eagle on a cactus, holding a snake in its mouth They found this place on an island Here they founded the city of Tenochtitlan

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico Mexican Coat of Arms

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico Aztecs Grow Stronger In 1428, they joined with two other city-states to form the Triple Alliance Gained control over the neighboring areas Empire (definition: ___________________ ) Atlantic to Pacific 5-15 million people Aztec Rule Take tribute from people they conquered But allow local rulers to govern in their own way

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico Nobles Rule Aztec Society Emperor Nobody looked him in the eye or wore shoes in his presence Nobles own vast estates, which they ruled like lords Priests and military leaders, as well as gov’t officials Commoners Merchants, artisans, soldiers, farmers Slaves Captives

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico Tenochtitlan Pop of 200,000-400,000 people by 1500 Bigger than London or Madrid Causeways connect the island to the mainland Canoes were used to bring goods to the huge market at the city center Center of the city Massive, walled complex with palaces, gov’t buildlings and the Great Temple

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico Group Read Religion Rules Aztec Life Problems in the Aztec Empire

UNIT 6, LESSON 7 Do Now – Questions and Terms Individual Work: Guided Reading Section 3 Review HW: Reteaching Activity, Section 3

The Aztecs Control Central Mexico DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. On what was Teotihuacan’s power and wealth based?? 2. How did the Aztecs rule their empire? 3. Who or what is… ? Obsidian Quetzalcoatl Triple Alliance Montezuma II

UNIT 6, LESSON 8 Do Now HW Review – Reteaching Activity, Section 3 Lecture – “The Inca Create a Mountain Empire” Note check HW: Read Section 4 & Complete “Guided Reading, Sect 4”

DO NOW What do you remember about the history of Peru??

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Aztecs ruled the Valley of Mexico, while… A new people create an equally powerful state in South America The Inca Build an empire tat stretched from Ecuador to Chile Larges to ever exist in the Americas Built on the cultural foundations of the Chavin, Moche, and Nazca

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Inca Beginnings Nomads from the highlands of Peru Eventually settle in the Valley of Cuzco Develop their own small kingdom by the AD 1200s Pachacuti Builds an Empire Pachacuti takes the throne in 1438 Under his leadership, the Inca conquer all of Peru Empire grew to 16 million people and 80 provinces How? Diplomacy – before attacking they offered an honorable surrender, after an attack they tried to gain the loyalty of the defeated people Military force – used their powerful force only when necesssary

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Incan Government – how did they do it? Rulers divided territory into small units Central bureaucracy Road system ties it together Imposed a single official language Quechua Government and Incan Cities To gain control, the Inca built cities in all conquered areas Architecture of gov’t buildings was uniform everywhere All roads led to Cuzco – what is this similar to?? Built huge and grand buildings without iron tools or the wheel

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Total control over economic/social life Regulated the production and trade of goods (unlike the Maya or Aztecs) Compare to the modern welfare state Ayllu – extended family group Took on big tasks, like irrigation or food storage Ayllu groups were divided into 10s, 100s, 1,000s, and 10,000s with a chief at each level –”chain of command” Tribute Incan subjects were made to pay, usually in labor (called mita)

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Religion of the Inca Reinforced the power of the state Practices Priests led sun-worship services along with unmarried nuns The Kind was considered a descendent of the sun-god Sacrifice of llamas and other gifts offered to the gods Great Cities Temple of the Sun in Cuzco Covered in gold – “The Sweat of the Sun” Machu Picchu Discovered in 1912 Isolated and mysterious religious center, OR An estate of Pachucuti, OR A retreat for rulers or nobility

Inti – the Sun God Llama

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Discord in the Empire Height of glory is the early 1500s Afterwards a powerful ruler – Huayna Capac – died of smallpox or other disease The empire was split in two between his sons They were jealous of each other and fell into civil war The Spanish arrived at the end of this war, and took advantage of it to conquer the whole empire

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Machu Picchu

UNIT 6, LESSON 9 Do Now HW Review – Guided Reading, Section 4 Classwork Questions HW: Study for quiz on Chapter 16, Sections 3-4

Do Now – Write a Caption!!

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire CLASSWORK QUESTIONS: 1. How were the Inca able to conquer such a vast empire?? 2. What methods did the Inca use to create unity among the diverse peoples in their empire? 3. What role did the Mita play in building the Inca Empire? 3. Who or what is… ? Pachacuti Ayllu Mita Quipu

UNIT 6, LESSON 10 Take Quiz (26 Minutes) Work on “Building Vocabulary” Worksheet (finish for HW)

UNIT 6, LESSON 11 Do Now – Binder Check HW Review Classtime – Catch-Up Day Work Packets (test grade) and Honors Packets are due next day of class If finished, Word Search for Extra Credit HW: Quiz Corrections (if under a 90%) Must be on a separate sheet of paper, stapled to old quiz

BINDER CHECK Check plus – your binder has four sections (class notes, handouts, homework, old quizzes & tests), and has these three things: UNIT 6 WORK PACKET, QUIZ 6.1, QUIZ 6.2, LECTURE NOTES Check – your binder doesn’t have sections, but has everything required Check minus – your binder is disorganized and you can’t find what you need Zero – you have no binder

UNIT 6, LESSON 12 Collect all HW Watch movie Fill out “What? So What? Worksheet” HW: Make-up all owed HW.

WORLD HISTORY UNIT SEVEN –