University of Winchester Core 2 Science Core Year 2 Materials University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Restructuring, modification and extension of ideas Constructivist model Scott, P. (1987) A Constructivist View Of Teaching And Learning. Leeds: University Press. Orientation Elicitation Restructuring, modification and extension of ideas Application of ideas Review and evaluation of ideas University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Constructivism Orientation Arousing children’s interest and curiosity Setting the scene Relating to a real life context University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Constructivism Elicitation/Structuring Helping children to find out and clarify what they think Making ideas explicit to themselves, peers, teachers. University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Intervention/Restructuring ‘Making sense’ of ideas Constructivism Intervention/Restructuring Encouraging children to test their ideas: to extend, develop or replace them ‘Making sense’ of ideas University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Using new ideas in familiar and new contexts Constructivism Application Evaluation continues Using new ideas in familiar and new contexts Helping children to relate what they have learned to their everyday lives University of Winchester Core 2 Science

University of Winchester Core 2 Science Constructivism Review Helping children to recognise the significance of what they have found out, how they have changed their thinking University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Constructivism - summary Children have strongly held ideas Learning involves the active construction of new meaning Children may appear to understand new ideas presented to them, but not believe them Shared meanings, reinforced by social interaction, are difficult to change. Constructivism has its own language – e.g. children’s ideas, alternative frameworks, misconceptions. University of Winchester Core 2 Science

‘Materials’ in the Foundation Stage What experiences could you provide for young children to encourage them to explore materials and their properties? Why is early exploration so important? University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Materials in the National Curriculum Sc3 Browse Sc3 Materials & their Properties at KS1 and 2. University of Winchester Core 2 Science

‘Principles and Big Ideas of Science Education’ at http://www.ase.org.uk/documents/principles-and-big-ideas-of-science-education/ Big Idea 1: All material in the Universe is made of very small particles Atoms are the building blocks of all materials, living and non-living. The behaviour of the atoms explains the properties of different materials. Chemical reactions involve rearrangement of atoms in substances to form new substances. Each atom has a nucleus containing neutrons and protons, surrounded by electrons. The opposite electric charges of protons and electrons attract each other, keeping atoms together and accounting for the formation of some compounds. Core Science Year 2 (3)

University of Winchester Core 2 Science Teacher subject knowledge is important TASK Solids, liquids and gases – the states of matter To elicit our ideas on solids, liquids and gases, i.e. the states of matter You have a set of everyday materials. Please sort them into solids, liquids and gases. Sort them as they are - do not include the container in your decisions. These materials have been chosen to match what we think are suitable for you. You may need to adapt the selection of materials to match your pupils in school. University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Definitions Nuffield Primary Science (1993) Materials Key Stage 2 Teachers Guide, London Collins Educational. “A solid has definite shape. It remains that shape unless a force acts on it.... Cotton wool can be easily changed [but] it does have a definite shape.” P91 “A liquid has no fixed shape but it keeps the same volume when it is poured into a different container” p91 “A gas has no fixed shape or volume... Fill [s] the whole of the space in which it is contained.” P91 Core Science Year 2 (3)

University of Winchester Core 2 Science Challenge Cornflour Gloop Solid or liquid? University of Winchester Core 2 Science

University of Winchester Core 2 Science TASK Use the same set of materials This time decide which are pure substances and which are mixtures. University of Winchester Core 2 Science

University of Winchester Core 2 Science Remember! Children often hold common misconceptions or ‘children’s ideas’ e.g. identify melting in water but do not generalise to others situations use ‘melting’ / ‘dissolving’ / ‘turning into water’ as the same thing KS1 – evaporation – water disappears KS2 – evaporation – water turns into air, rather than vapour in air Russell T, Longden K & McGuigan L (1991) Materials, Liverpool, University of Liverpool Press. University of Winchester Core 2 Science

So…use sources of information when you plan e.g. SPACE Research Reports Nuffield SPACE downloads @ http://www.nuffieldcurriculumcentre.org/go/minisite/PrimaryScience/Page_1213.html Nuffield Primary Science Scheme QCA schemes ASE ‘Primary Science’ and other journals QTS science study guides University of Winchester Core 2 Science

Please note directed tasks and be fully prepared for next session  Review Science Confidence Audit. Use your audit to identify areas of knowledge and understanding in science on which you need to work. Next week you will identify 3-4 other students in your group who wish to work on the same area for a student led workshop. Read Roden (2005) Complete the reflection tasks and bring to next session. Read Lee & Tan (2004) What do you think? Revise ‘Changing Materials’ for next week. NOTE NETWORKED CDRom ‘Subject Software’ ‘Science Issues’ University of Winchester Core 2 Science