Geography Generalizations Shaped Europe’s environment, economics, culture and political forms. Oddly shaped peninsula w/ big and small islands, seas, bays, and gulfs Tempered climate due to place on globe and near water Large amount of navigable rivers, mountains, plateaus with extremely diverse landforms

Europe’s Latitude v. US

Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

Satellite View of Europe

3,800 square miles

REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

Continents by Size (sq. km.) Asia44,579,000Africa30,065,000 North America 24,256,000 South America 17,819,000 Antarctica13,209,000 Europe Europe9,938,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 7,687,000

Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? OROR A Peninsula of Asia?

Europe: An Asian Peninsula?

Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

What’s the answer ??

B o d i e s of W a t e r B o d i e s of W a t e r Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea

The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide e “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Caesarea on the Israeli coast Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

RiversRiversRiversRivers RiversRiversRiversRivers Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R.

The Danube River 1770 miles

The Danube River  Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

What’s the answer ??

Answer:Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline!

Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^

ElevationElevation Alps Carpathians Caucasus Urals Pyrennes Apennines

The Alps e Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

Mt. Blanc in the Alps e Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

The Caucasus Mountains e The origin of the word Caucasian.

Transylvania in the Carpathian Mountains e Home of Vlad Tepeš, the Drakul (“Count Dracula”)

Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia miles

PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains Northern European Plain Steppes Siberian Lowlands

The BENELUX Countries * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg

Holland’s Dikes

Amsterdam’s Canals

The Netherlands: The “Dagger” Pointing at the Heart of Britain!

CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Siberian Lowlands Northern European Plain Steppes Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Crimean Pen. Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen. Italian Pen.

Eastern Europe

Siberia --> Permafrost eAverage temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e 150,000,000 population. e A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

Trans-Siberian Railroad e Completed in 1905.

Trans-Siberian Railroad  The main line runs 5,785 miles.

Europe’s Latitude v. US

ClimateClimate

Europe’s Natural Regions

The North European Plain

The Northern European Plain --> An Invasion Route into Asia (& Vice Versa?)

Steppes: “Soviet” Breadbasket

The Steppes e 25% of the old Soviet Union’s food supply.

Germany’s Black Forest

Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Land Below the Arctic Circle

RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES

Major Industrial Resources

Oil Export Routes in the Caucasus Area

World Population by Continents Asia3,737,000,000 Africa823,000,000 Europe729,000,000 North America 486,000,000 South America 351,000,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 31,000,000 Antarctica no permanent population

Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan United States India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

Population Distribution

Major Religious Groups in Europe

Impact of the Geographic inheritance? 1st - wide variety of economic activities advanced Europe –diverse climate and geography allows a variety of agricultural, manufacturing and industrial products. 2nd -Europe’s landmass makes it difficult for 1 political entity to control –Variety forms of government existed –Due to all of this, constant warfare, balance of power and border disputes mark Europe’s history –Large variety of cultural difference exist ***Major theme of course…tension between the individual nations and the common heritage of Europe