Zero Emission Bus Achievements in the USA Andrew Papson CALSTART Project Manager May 6, 2015

Zero Emission Bus Achievements in the USA Zero Emission Bus Achievements: A sustainable ZEB industry Increasing variety in products, markets, and use cases Technical success stories Reliability success stories New funding from public sources

40’ Foot Battery Electric Bus40 Foot Repowered Electric Bus 40 Foot Fuel Cell Bus40 Foot Battery Electric Bus Wireless Charging Systems The ZEB industry is growing Many more in testing & development A selection of OEMs with ZEB offerings…

More buses are on the road As of 2014 over 130 ZEBs are deployed nationwide - likely to double by end of battery fleets, 10 fuel cell fleets currently on the road More ZEB miles -> more performance data, improvement

A variety of fuels & configurations are available Hybrid Range- Extended Hybrid Battery Electric Bus Battery Dominant Fuel Cell Fuel Cell Bus 30’ Minibus 40’ Coach 45’ Commuter 60’ Artic In the last year ZEB offerings have covered many sectors Configs for variety of transit agency use cases Variety of charging solutions: depot plug-in, overhead fast charge, inductive in-pavement

Battery Costs decreasing while energy density increasing Source: US DOE Vehicle Technologies Office 2008: $1000/kwh, 600 Wh/L 2013: $350/kwh, 1400 Wh/L Between 2008 and 2013 battery costs dropped by 2/3, energy density more than doubled. Resulting ZEBs have longer range on fewer and cheaper batteries Approaching DOE targets: $125/kwh and 400 Wh / liter.

Fuel Cell operating costs continue to decrease Technical capabilities are growing or being proven in the field. Availability, durability, performance, operating cost, capital cost, Range, durability, vehicle life, FCB reliability increasing, with per-mile maintenece costs dropping with new fuel cell bus generations Sunline Transit maintenance costs were lower than the CNG fleet

Public funding is increasing As ZEB technology matures, buses are eligible for a wider pool of funding. A selection of sources: Federal Funding Sources FTA LoNoAwarded $55m in 2015, more funding in 2016 FTA TIGGERFunded $21.2m for BEBs and FCBs 2013 FTA TIGERFunded 22 BEBs for IndyGo in 2013 California Funding Sources CA Energy Commission Awarded $7.3m for ZEBs in 2015, $5.8m for ZEBs in Continues for several years Air Resources Board New funding for large deployments (5+) $25m available in 2015, continues for several years Incentive Programs CaliforniaZEB vouchers $100 k - $160k per vehicle ChicagoZEB voucher $150k per vehicle New York StateZEB voucher $40k per vehicle

Additional Work Underway Additional projects are breaking down barriers. In brief: Procurement Standards. A broad industry coalition under FTA and CTE is developing draft procurement standards to be included in the APTA White Book. Spare ratio requirements. Work is underway to provide guidance on the spare ratios needed to support a ZEB fleet. This would not be limited to additional vehicles, but include high-value spare components that can be swapped out between buses. An example is a spare fuel cell that can be used in any bus within a fuel cell bus fleet. Altoona: several battery buses have undergone Altoona testing, the first fuel cell bus will be tested in 2016.

Work Underway: Electric Bus Charging Standards EPRI and SAE are leading a task force to develop ZEB charging standards. Standard specs to be created for – Plug-in depot charging – Overhead conductive charging – Wireless in-ground charging Spec sheets will standardize three components – Physical connector – Voltage and current levels – Communication protocols Standardization will allow transit agencies to feel comfortable in investing in infrastructure without being concerned about verndor lock-in. New Flyer Hi Voltage Lower Current Bus Proterra Lower Voltage Hi Current Bus

In short… The ZEB market is growing into a stable industry ZEB deployments are growing across the nation There is a growing number of ZEB configurations, opening opportunities with new agencies. The industry is moving forward with technical achievements including battery cost reductions and improved maintenance cost Funding sources continue to come online to grow this maturing technology.

Contact for More Information Andrew Papson Project Manager CALSTART