WHI. 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =TmZTkSK1S9c Ancient Greece WHI. 5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =TmZTkSK1S9c

Introduction to Ancient Greece The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization? Main Idea Details Introduction to Ancient Greece

Introduction to Ancient Greece The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization? Main Idea Details Introduction to Ancient Greece How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development Geography

Geography Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea

Geography Isolation from mountains led to the development of city- states Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy

Black Sea Macedonia Dardanelles Strait Balkan Peninsula Troy Aegean Sea Asia Minor Athens Peloponnesus Peninsula Sparta Mediterranean Sea Crete

Introduction to Ancient Greece The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization? Main Idea Details Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea Isolation from mountains led to formation of city-states Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy Introduction to Ancient Greece How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development Economic and Social Geography

Economic and Social Development Agriculture was difficult due to limited arable land

Economic and Social Development Commerce (trade) and the spread of Hellenic Culture (great period of Greek art/culture) Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

Introduction to Ancient Greece Political Development The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization? Main Idea Details Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea Contains the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy Agriculture was difficult due to limited arable land Commerce (trade) and the spread of Hellenic culture (great period of Greek art/culture) Shift from barter to money economy (coins) Introduction to Ancient Greece How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development Economic and Social Political Development Geography

Political Development Mountain terrain helped and hindered the development of city-states (protection but isolated)

Political Development Greek cities were designed to promote civic (public) and commercial (economic) life

Political Development Colonization started due to overpopulation and lack of arable land

Introduction to Ancient Greece Political Development The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization? Main Idea Details Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea Contains the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy Agriculture (limited arable land) Commerce (trade) and the spread of Hellenic culture (great period of Greek art/culture) Shift from barter to money economy (coins) Mountain terrain helped and hindered the development of city states (protection but isolated) Greek cities were designed to promote civic (public) and commercial (economic) life Colonization started due to overpopulation and search for arable land Introduction to Ancient Greece How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development Economic and Social Political Development Geography

Economic, Social, and Political Developments of Ancient Greece: Limited arable land - Shift from barter to money economy Spread of Hellenistic Culture - Mountainous terrain led to the development of city-states Colonization due to overpopulation - City-states designed to promote civic and commercial life Economic Social Political

Economic, Social, and Political Developments of Ancient Greece: Limited arable land - Shift from barter to money economy Spread of Hellenistic Culture - Mountainous terrain led to the development of city-states Colonization due to overpopulation - City-states designed to promote civic and commercial life Economic Social Political - Spread of Hellenistic Culture - Limited arable land - Mountainous terrain led to the development of city-states - Shift from barter to money economy - Colonization due to overpopulation - City-states designed to promoted civic and commercial life

Citizenship in Greece Members of the Polis: The FRAME Routine Citizenship in Greece is about… Essential details Members of the Polis: So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Sparta vs. Athens The FRAME - Key Topic is about . . . Main Idea Details - So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Sparta vs. Athens

The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis The FRAME Routine Citizenship in Greece is about… The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis Essential details So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Social Structure and Citizenship City-states were called the polis

Social Structure and Citizenship To become a citizen, men served 10 years of military service Members of the polis: Citizens—free adult males—had political rights and responsibility of civic participation in government Free people—women, foreigners, and young males—had no political rights Slaves—had no political rights

The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis The FRAME Routine Citizenship in Greece is about… The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis Essential details Greek city-states were called the polis To become a citizen, free adult men had to serve 10 years in the military Members of the Polis: Citizens- free adult males; had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in the government Free people- women, foreigners, and young males; had no political rights Slaves- had no political rights So What? (What’s important to understand about this?) Citizenship was only available to free adult males. There were not equal rights for everyone living in the polis

Sparta vs. Athens Sparta Main Idea Details - So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Sparta vs. Athens Comparing and contrasting the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens Sparta

Sparta Sparta formed an oligarchy—rule by a small elite group Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy

Sparta Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights Sparta developed a militaristic and aggressive society http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece- democracy/videos/deconstructing-history- spartans?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false http://www.history.com/topics/ancient- history/sparta/videos/spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines

Sparta vs. Athens Athens Sparta Main Idea Sparta formed an oligarchy—rule by small elite group Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights Sparta developed a militaristic and aggressive society Details - So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Sparta vs. Athens Comparing and contrasting the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens Athens Sparta

Democracy in Athens Stages in Athenian government: Monarchy—form of government in which a king or queen rules Aristocracy—rule by upper class people—usually a minority group Tyranny—harsh rule by an absolute monarch or dictator Democracy—rule by the people

Athenian forms of government timeline: Description: Description: Description: Description:

Athenian forms of government timeline: Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy Description: Description: Description: Description: King or Queen of a royal family rules Rule rich upper-class people Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler Rule by the people—people rule the government

Reformers of Athens: Tyrants who worked for reform: - Draco—made harsh laws - Solon—favored the lower class

Reformers of Athens Draco—was a harsh ruler about 620 BCE Had harsh penalties for crimes, but accused had a right to a trial and were innocent until proven guilty

Reformers of Athens Solon—ruled about 544 BCE Made laws of Draco less harsh Freed slaves and favored rights of lower classes

Democratic Principles of Athens Origins of Democratic Principles: Direct Democracy, Public Debate, Duties of the Citizen

Direct Democracy Athens slowly grew to become a democratic city- state Athens was a direct democracy—citizens voted on each issue considered by the government Public debates and hearings were held so citizens could express their views Free people were allowed to participate in debates BUT could not vote Citizens were expected to partake in debates and voted

Sparta vs. Athens Athens Sparta Main Idea Sparta formed an oligarchy—rule by small elite group Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights Sparta developed a militaristic and aggressive society Details Stages in Athenian government: Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, and democracy Tyrants who worked for reform: - Draco—harsh laws - Solon—favored lower class Origins of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Sparta vs. Athens Comparing and contrasting the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens Athens Sparta Different styles of government divided the Spartans and Athenians Athenian democracy is the foundation for modern democracies (ex. U.S.A)

Sparta Athens Word Bank: Direct Democracy - Oligarchy - Militaristic Public Debate - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco Rigid Social Structure - Aggressive Society - Boys forced into military training Democratic Principles Sparta Athens

Sparta Athens - Oligarchy - Direct Democracy - Public Debate Word Bank: Direct Democracy - Oligarchy - Militaristic Public Debate - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco Rigid Social Structure - Aggressive Society - Boys forced into military training Democratic Principles Sparta Athens - Oligarchy - Direct Democracy - Public Debate - Militaristic - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco - Rigid Social Structure - Aggressive Society - Democratic Principles - Boys forced into military training

The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . So What? Main Idea Details Cause: Who: Key Battles: Result= Result: The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Sparta and Athens= Sparta and Athens= Persian War

The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . So What? Main Idea Details Cause: Who: Key Battles: Result= Result: The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Sparta and Athens= Sparta and Athens= Persian War

Persian Wars (499-449 BCE) Cause: Persia had taken over Asia Minor and was heading for Greece Who: Sparta and Athens united to fight against the Persians

Persian Wars (499-449 BCE) Key Battles: Athens had victories over Persia at the battles of Marathon and Salamis Result=Greeks took control of the Aegean Sea

Persian Wars (499-449 BCE) Result: Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-birth-of-western- history-thucydides-and-herodotus.html#lesson

The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . So What? Main Idea Details Cause: Persia took over Asia Minor and was heading for Greece Who: Sparta and Athens unite to fight against Persia Key Battles: Marathon and Salamis Result: Athens preserved its independence The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Sparta and Athens= Sparta and Athens= Delian League Persian War

Delian League The Delian League was formed as a result of the Persian War It united Greek city-states to help trade and prevent future attacks Worked until Athens became too powerful and controlling

The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . So What? Main Idea Details Cause: Persia took over Asia Minor and was heading for Greece Who: Sparta and Athens unite to fight against Persia Key Battles: Marathon and Salamis Result: Athens preserved its independence Formed as a result of the Persian War United Greek city-states to help trade and prevent future attacks Worked until Athens became too powerful The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Sparta and Athens= Sparta and Athens= Delian League Peloponnesian War Persian War

Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BCE) Cause: Sparta and Athens wanted control of Greece Who: Athens and the Delian League vs. Sparta and the Peloponnesian League

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) Result: Sparta won, but Greece was no longer united Resulted in slowing of cultural advance and weakening of political power http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFXJWkEvNg k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e90cubV6dEY

The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . So What? Main Idea Details Cause: Persia took over Asia Minor and was heading for Greece Who: Sparta and Athens unite to fight against Persia Key Battles: Marathon and Salamis Result= Control of the Aegean Sea Result: Athens preserved its independence Formed as a result of the Persian War United Greek city-states to help trade and prevent future attacks Worked until Athens became too powerful Sparta and Athens wanted control of Greece Athens and Delian League vs. Sparta and Peloponnesian League Result: Sparta won, Greece no longer united, and weakening of political power The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Sparta and Athens= Sparta and Athens= Delian League Peloponnesian War Persian War

The FRAME Routine Golden Age of Pericles Essential details is about… Essential details So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

The FRAME Routine Golden Age of Pericles is about… Why the leadership of Pericles is important to the development of Greek culture Essential details So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Golden Age of Pericles Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Time of peace and prosperity for Athens Pericles, the ruler of Athens, extended democracy to most males and they had an equal voice

Golden Age of Pericles Pericles rebuilt Athens from destruction that occurred during the Persian Wars An example of this is the Parthenon

Golden Age of Pericles So What?????? The contributions from this time have become the foundations for western civilization

Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars The FRAME Routine Golden Age of Pericles is about… Why the leadership of Pericles is important to the development of Greek culture Essential details Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Time of peace and prosperity for Athens Pericles, the ruler of Athens, extended democracy to most males and they had an equal voice Pericles rebuilt Athens from destruction that occurred during the Persian Wars -An example of this is the Parthenon So What? (What’s important to understand about this?) The contributions from this time have become the foundations for western civilization

Contributions of ancient Greece: Sculpture: - Mathematics: - Architecture: Science: - “ ” “ ” “ ”

Sculpture: Phidias was the most famous Greek sculptor He built the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the Parthenon

Greek Columns There were three distinct styles of Greek columns: Doric “Dull” “Eyes” There were three distinct styles of Greek columns: Doric Ionic Corinthian “Crown”

Mathematics Euclid—Founder of Geometry Pythagoras—student of Euclid Created the Pythagorean theorem http://www.mathscore.com/math/practice/Pythagorean%20Theorem/

Science: Archimedes Archimedes—Greek inventor Archimedes Screw— used to pump water

Science: Hippocrates Hippocrates—Father of medicine Drew a code of ethics for doctors—Hippocratic Oath https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2YR-xrlzJE

Contributions of ancient Greece: Sculpture: - Phidias was the most famous Greek sculptor; built the Parthenon Mathematics: - Euclid—father of Geometry - Pythagoras—student of Euclid; created the Pythagorean Theory Architecture: Science: - Archimedes—Greek inventor -created the Archimedes Screw, which was used for pumping water - Hippocrates—father of Medicine - Created the Hippocratic Oath, still used by doctors today Doric Ionic Corinthian “Dull” “Eyes” “Crown”

Contributions of ancient Greece: Drama: - Poetry: - Philosophy: - History: -

Greek Philosophers: Socrates Socrates taught by using Socratic Method Educate through asking questions

Socrates Leaders of Athens felt that he was a threat In 399 BCE, he was accused of corrupting the young and plotting to overthrow the government He was sentenced to death but declared himself innocent He believed in his teachings and carried out the death sentence by drinking hemlock (poisonous plant)

Greek Philosophers: Plato Plato was a student of Socrates and organized his teachings

Plato Opened a school in Athens called The Academy Wrote The Apology in which he explained the teachings of Socrates Wrote The Republic in which he set forth his views of government He felt the state was more important than the individual Believed Philosopher Kings should rule—only educated people

Greek Philosophers: Aristotle Aristotle was the last great philosopher of Greece and was a student of Plato

Aristotle Was the teacher of Alexander the Great

Historians: Herodotus Herodotus—Father of History Wrote about the Persian Wars 200 years after they occurred Considered a Secondary Source Often tended to exaggerate events and glorify Athens

Historians: Thucydides Thucydides participated in and wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars Is considered a Primary Source—eyewitness

Poetry Homer—blind epic poet of Ancient Greece Wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey

Iliad

Odyssey

Drama Sophocles—wrote tragedies, most famous is Antigone and Oedipus Rex Aeschylus—wrote over 80 plays—most famous was Agememnon

Contributions of ancient Greece: Drama: Sophocles—wrote tragedies such as Oedipus Rex and Antigone - Aeschylus wrote over 80 plays—most famous was Agamemnon Poetry: - Homer was a blind epic poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey Philosophy: - Socrates—First great philosopher, taught Plato - Plato—taught Aristotle; believed only philosophers or the highly educated should rule the government - Aristotle—Last great Greek philosopher; taught Alexander the Great History: - Herodotus—father of History; wrote about the Persian Wars 200 years after they were fought; exaggerated events to glorify Athens - Thucydides—fought in and wrote about the Peloponnesian War

Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire Main Idea Details So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire

The FRAME Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire Main Idea Details So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire Macedonian conquest of Greece and how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic (Greek) Culture Macedonian Empire and King Philip II

Macedonian Empire: King Philip II Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak King Philip II of Macedonia, led his army to Greece and conquered northern Greece He died before all of Greece was conquered

The FRAME Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak Main Idea Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak King Philip II of Macedonia, led his army to Greece and conquered Northern Greece He died before all of Greece was conquered Details So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire Macedonian conquest of Greece and how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic (Greek) Culture Macedonian Empire and King Philip II Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, age 23, took over and conquered Greece Alexander adopted Hellenistic culture (Greek Culture) and spread it with his empire

Alexander the Great Alexander’s empire stretched from Greece to Egypt He died at age 33, and the empire was divided After his death, the Macedonian’s were defeated by the Romans

The FRAME Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak Main Idea Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak King Philip II of Macedonia, led his army to Greece and conquered Northern Greece He died before all of Greece was conquered Details Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, age 23, took over and conquered Greece Alexander adopted Hellenistic culture (Greek Culture) and spread it with his empire Alexander’s empire stretched from Greece to Egypt He died at age 33, after his death, the empire was divided After his death, the Macedonian’s were defeated by the Romans So What? The FRAME Key Topic is about . . . Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire Macedonian conquest of Greece and how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic (Greek) Culture Macedonian Empire and King Philip II Alexander the Great Alexander the Great and the Macedonians conquered Greece but kept and spread the Hellenistic Culture

Map of Alexander’s (Macedonian) Empire Alexander’s Empire stretches as far west as __________ and ___________; and as far east as ___________.

Map of Alexander’s (Macedonian) Empire Greece Alexander’s Empire stretches as far west as __________ and ___________; and as far east as ___________. Egypt India

Hellenistic Culture The FRAME Routine Essential details Key Topic The FRAME Routine Hellenistic Culture is about… Essential details So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Hellenistic Culture The FRAME Routine Key Topic The FRAME Routine Hellenistic Culture is about… How Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture around the world Essential details So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)

Hellenistic Culture The culture of Greece that came from the Golden Age of Pericles is known as Hellenistic Culture

Hellenistic Age Hellenistic Age= Blend of Greek and oriental elements Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic culture through trade

Hellenistic Culture The FRAME Routine Key Topic The FRAME Routine Hellenistic Culture is about… How Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture around the world Essential details The culture of Greece that came from the Golden Age of Pericles is known as Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic Age= Blend of Greek and Oriental Culture Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic culture through trade So What? (What’s important to understand about this?) Hellenistic Culture developed during the Golden Age of Pericles and was later spread by Alexander the Great