Shaquilla Terry Department of Public Health Sewage System in Haiti Shaquilla Terry Department of Public Health HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Outline HDSC Introducing the problem History of Waste Management in Haiti Current Means of Disposal Existing efforts Future implementation Conclusion HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Introduction Haiti = most underserved country in the Western Hemisphere In 2008, Haiti’s sanitation coverage decreased from 26% to 17% In 2010, 85% of urban areas and 50% of rural populations had access to improved water sources Conditions worsen after earthquake Cholera Epidemic Underserved water and sanitation infrastructures Disparites in access to sanitary water sources amongst those residing in rural and urban areas of Haiti Cholera Epidemic – discussed later in my presentation The lack of access to sanitation services and facilities correlates with the possibility to suffer from water borne infections, diseases, and poor hygiene HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

History Water supply and sanitation initiatives carried out by U.S. Military 1915-1934 Centrale Autonome Metropolitaine d’Eau Potable / Service National d’Eau Potable Service National d’Eau Potable 1964 and 1977 Water sanitation and hygiene initiatives 1986 WASH = water sanitation and hygiene Infrastructer projects – us miltary Tonton macoutes – seized pipes supplying overpopulated areas controlled water supply and charged Haitians for water / political uprisings and violence (Duvalier) 1964 supplying metro areas outside of the capital / urban areas – contributing to the reaosn why there is a disparity between access to improved water sources 1977 – rural areas 1986- set up water supply stations to supply more than 150,000 haitians with potabledrinking water HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

History National Directorate for Potable Water and Sanitation 2009 Earthquake Cholera outbreak 2010 Potable Water and Sanitation Technicians for the Communes Present Serving rural and urban areas with wash 300 million dollar action plan 2010- shift focus emergency response – temp housing developments Ministry of Public Health Present – trained technicians monitor rural areas water quality while promoting apporpaite hygiene skills HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Current Means of Sewage Disposal Dry toilets Oceans Plastic bags Combined Water System* Culverts, collector sewers, storm water inlets Dry toilet Drop hole – easiest to make / use and maintain doesn’t require water for flushing reuse feces for fertilzer (if properly created ) Oceans – contaimination Combined Water System Sanitary and water runoff converge into a single pipe transport all waste water into sewage plan rain causes overflow which is expected and culverts are designed to capture overflow however it is not be utlized by a treatment plant so it is not taking place HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Problem HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center Lack of sanitary water and infrastructure Raw sewage introduced to the community Effects on human body and environment Lack - Sanitation – major issue in Haiti – 2010 24% of urban areas and 10% of rural areas had access to improved sanitation Les Cayes = Rural Raw – stagnant water , mosquito breeding , contamination of ground water and soil Effects – physical developmental reproductive Cholera symptoms, malaira , hep a – arsenic nitrate and lead HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Problem HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center Current means of trash disposal cloge culverts which flow into channels channels become clogged and infected lack of access to potable water Raw sewage coming from homes directly into streets due to the lack of a sewage treatment establishment Not still water its sewage Hospitals had mountains of trash and stagnant water nearby Pets in the trash infected kids when playing Pigs / food in trash affecting human when consuming Stepping into raw sewage – exposure to the human body HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Existing Efforts HDSC Technologies Solutions Biochemical conversion Septic tanks Landfills Thermochemical conversion Biogas/ Bio digester Toilets Chlorination of water WASH CDC Efforts Haiti Toilets National Directorate of Potable Water and Sanitation. Ministry of Public Health and Population United Nation’s Millennium Development Goal Biochemical utlize bacteria to break down waste into methane and co2 – convert waste into biogas and fertilizer w/o any external energy Thermochemical – gasification Cholrination - killing microbes 2013 The National Plan – Diminish cholera 4 areas water and sanitation , health care services and management , epi / surviellance, and health and hygiene promotion (MSPP) 2.2 billion dollars MDG development goals not met for water access and sanitiation increased from 52 to58– 76*% (access) 19- 76* (sanitation) HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Plan for the Future HDSC Fall 2015 2015 and Beyond … Create and implement a system for the city of Les Cayes that would improve the quality of water sanitation while creating job opportunities. Increase waste management awareness Provide sanitary sewage management Promote sustainability of water quality, access, and control Capstone Project - Civil Engineering Team at UML with Professor Hajduk Evaluate the possibility of establishing a waste management system in the city of Les Cayes Advanced seniors Travel to ley cayes Analyze and brainstrom and present an engineering plan involving anunderground sweage system can be implemented in the city of les cayes HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

Plan for the Future Street map Map of the city of les cayes Create and implement a system for the city of Les Cayes that would improve the quality of water sanitation while creating job opportunities. Increase waste management awareness Provide sanitary sewage management Promote sustainability of water quality, access, and control

Conclusion HDSC Quality water & Sanitation Hygiene Promotion Social, economical, and environmenta l benefits Decrease prevelance of infectious disease Decrease poulltion of containment water Promote sanitary domestic hygiene practices HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center

References Questions? HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center Gelting, R., Bliss, K., Patrick, M., Lockhart, G., & Handzel, T. (2013). Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Haiti: Past, Present, and Future. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89(4), 665-670. Haiti. (2015), from http://water.org/country/haiti/ Meegoda, J., Hsieh, H., Roderiguez, P., & Jawidzik, J. (2012). Sustainable Community Sanitation for a Rural Hospital in Haiti. Sustainability, 4, 3362-3376. Waterborne Diseases A-Z List. (2015) from http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oids/epi/waterborne/list.htm Questions? HDSC Haiti Development Studies Center