Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Chapter 1 © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning

Types of Property Real (land or real estate) Personal (items, identifiable things) Intellectual (fruits or product of human creativity) © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Aim of Intellectual Property Law Protect knowledge created by human effort © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Aim of Intellectual Property Law Protect knowledge created by human effort Stimulate and promote further creativity © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Aim of Intellectual Property Law Protect knowledge created by human effort Stimulate and promote further creativity Balance:  owners’ rights to remuneration  public need for competitive market © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Intellectual property (IP) protected by four separate fields of law: Trademarks Copyrights Patents Trade secrets © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Trademarks © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Trademarks A word, name, symbol, or device indicating source, quality, and ownership of a product distinguishing it from others’ products © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Trademarks A word, name, symbol, or device indicating source, quality, and ownership of a product distinguishing it from others’ products Service Marks The same, but applied to a service © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Trademarks can consist also of  Slogans Budweiser’s “King of Beers”  Designs Nike’s “swoosh”  Sounds Pillsbury’s “giggle” © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Trademarks can consist also of  Slogans Budweiser’s “King of Beers”  Designs Nike’s “swoosh”  Sounds Pillsbury’s “giggle” Guarantee quality and consistency All “Big Macs” taste the same © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Not protected if Generic Merely descriptive © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Not protected if Generic Merely descriptive Protected if Coined KODAK Arbitrary SHELL Suggestive STAPLES © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Trademarks Governed by Federal Law U.S. Trademark Act (Lanham Act)

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Trademarks Governed by Federal Law U.S. Trademark Act (Lanham Act) Registration not required U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Protected from date of first public use Valid for 10 years and renewable

Copyrights © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Copyrights Protects authors of Literary works Dramatic works Musical works Artistic works Other works © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law

Copyrights Protects authors of Literary works Dramatic works Musical works Artistic works Other works © 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Marketing materials Advertising copy Cartoons

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Not protected: Titles Names Short phrases Lists of ingredients

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Not protected: Titles Names Short phrases Lists of ingredients Ideas Methods Processes

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Copyrights Handled by U.S. Copyright Office

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Copyrights Handled by U.S. Copyright Office Registration not required by USPTO Protected when work is in fixed form Valid for author’s life plus 70 years after death

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Patents

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Patents A grant from federal government (USPTO) permitting the owner of an invention to prevent others from making, using, importing, or selling it

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Types of Patents Utility (automobile) Design (furniture) Plant (hybrid flowers)

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Patents Handled by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Registration required by USPTO

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Patents Handled by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Registration required by USPTO Protects useful, novel, nonobvious Insignificant addition or alteration Valid for 20 years for utility and plant; 14 years for design

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Trade Secrets

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Trade Secrets Any valuable business information that, if known by a competitor, would afford the competitor some benefit or advantage

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Trade Secrets Any valuable business information that, if known by a competitor, would afford the competitor some benefit or advantage No limit to types of information recipes, financial projections

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Registration not possible No federal law protection Protected by state statutes and courts  nondisclosure agreements  not-to-compete agreements

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Registration not possible No federal law protection Protected by state statutes and courts  nondisclosure agreements  not-to-compete agreements Criterion: secret gives owner a competitive advantage Valid forever

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Note:  Intellectual property rights often intersect and overlap  IP owners must consider relationships among trademark, copyright, patent, and trade secrets to obtain broadest possible protection for their assets

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Agencies for IP Registration U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)  U.S. president appoints “Director” of USPTO  Secretary of Department of Commerce appoints  Commissioner for Patents  Commissioner for Trademarks

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Agencies for IP Registration U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)  U.S. president appoints “Director” of USPTO  Secretary of Department of Commerce appoints  Commissioner for Patents  Commissioner for Trademarks Library of Congress  U.S. Copyright Office part of Library of Congress since 1870

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law International Agencies International Trademark Association World Intellectual Property Organization World Trade Organization

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law International Agreements The Berne Convention Madrid Protocol Paris Convention North American Free Trade Agreement TRIPS

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Increasing Importance of Intellectual Property Rights

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Increasing Importance of Intellectual Property Rights Rapidly developing pace of technology allows for new, valuable ideas

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Increasing Importance of Intellectual Property Rights Rapidly developing pace of technology allows for new, valuable ideas U.S. economy dependent on industries resulting from these ideas

© 2013 Delmar Cengage Learning Chapter 1: Introduction to Intellectual Property Law Increasing Importance of Intellectual Property Rights Rapidly developing pace of technology allows for new, valuable ideas U.S. economy dependent on industries resulting from these ideas Protection needed against piracy, counterfeiting, other infringements