General Information

(1). Synarthrosis Immovable joints (2). Amphiarthrosis Slightly moveble (3). Diarthrosis Freely moveable Functional Classification of Joints

Structural Classification – Fibrous Joints (1). Sutures – Skull – Dense fibrous CT – Synostosis (2). Syndesmoses – distal tibiofibular – Interosseous membrane (3). Gomphoses – “peg in socket” – Teeth and alveolar processes

Structural Classification – Cartilaginous Joints

(1). Synarthroses Sutures Teeth and alveolar processes Epiphyseal plate (2). Amphiarthroses Joint between tibia and fibula Pubic symphysis (3). Diarthroses Synovial joints (knee, hip, shoulder) Examples

Structural Classification – Synovial Joints (1). Synovial Cavity – Between articulating bones (2). Hyaline Cartilage – Ends of bones (3). Capsule – Encloses synovial cavity – Fibrous (outer); synovial membrane (inner) (4). Synovial Fluid – Contents – Functions (5). Accessory Ligaments – Extracapsular and Intracapsular – Menisci

Synovial Joints (6). Nerve and Blood Supply (7). Bursae – CT with synovial membrane – Synovial-like fluid (8). Tendon Sheaths – Tube-like bursae – wrap tendons Bursitis

1. Non-axial Slipping only Example: Intercarpal joint 2. Uniaxial Movement in one plane Example: Hinge (elbow) 3. Biaxial Movement in two planes Example: Saddle Joint (carpometacarpal joint) 4. Multiaxial Movement in all planes Example: Ball and Socket (shoulder, hip) Joint Movements

Synovial Joint Types (1). Planar – Gliding movements – Non-axial – Examples Intercarpal; intertarsal Sternoclavicular (2). Hinge – Hinge – type movement – Uniaxial – Examples Knee, elbow, ankle

Synovial Joint Types (3). Pivot – Uniaxial – Example Atlas and axis joint (4). Condyloid – Biaxial – Example Wrist

Synovial Joints (5). Saddle Joints – Biaxial – Examples carpometacarpal (6). Ball and Socket – Multiaxial – Examples Shoulder, hip