Dean L. Arneson, Pharm. D., Ph.D. Dean Concordia University Wisconsin School of Pharmacy

Objectives:  Review the historical aspects of US Pharmacy Education  Describe the next renovation in pharmacy education in the United States  Describe the Interprofessional Education Program

American Pharmacy Education:  Historically - Apprenticeship  4 (2+2) year program B.S. in Pharmacy 1 year internship after graduation  5 (2+3) year program B.S. in Pharmacy Included 640 hours of internship in the academic program and additional internship after graduation  Focus on Product

Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)  ACPE Accredits pharmacy schools in the United States  129 institutions are at some level of accreditation to offer the Pharm.D. degree.

ACPE Mission:  To assure and advance excellence in education for the profession of pharmacy ACPE assures excellence in education for the profession of pharmacy by:  Establishing standards and criteria for the accreditation of pharmacy programs and continuing education providersPromoting continuous quality improvement within its accredited groups and itself Accrediting pharmacy education providers and programs Reporting publicly on its activities Encouraging innovation in pharmacy education Emphasizing learning outcomes in pharmacy education Consulting and assisting in the development and advancement of quality pharmacy education, including the conduct of accreditation research Gathering and analyzing information and ideas from multiple sources and viewpoints and requesting and responding to feedback from its various constituencies as the basis for wise policy development and decision-making Managing its resources responsibly

ACPE  Emphasizing learning outcomes in pharmacy education – Educational Assessment  Promoting continuous quality improvement within its accredited groups and itself- Program Assessment

ACPE International Services Program:  International Services Program Mission: Promote, assure, and advance the quality of pharmacy education internationally to improve patient care through safe and effective medication use.  International Services Program Vision: “Quality-assured pharmacy education and training prepares graduates throughout the world for expanded roles to optimize safe and effective medication use and improve patient care.”

American Pharmacy Education:  Doctor of Pharmacy program:  6 years total ( 0+6 or 2+4)  4 years of professional program  First 3 years - didactic (Experiential 300 hours)  Fourth year – experiential (Minimum 1440 hours)

Pre-requisites for Schools of Pharmacy  Pre-pharmacy programs Credits General Chemistry Organic Chemistry Biology Physics Social Sciences English (composition)

Concordia University Wisconsin School of Pharmacy  Pharmacy Program Biochemistry Anatomy/Physiology/Pathology Pharmaceutics/Pharmacokinetics/Drug Delivery Pharmacology Communications/Patient Education Social/Behavioral Administration/Management Therapeutics Patient Assessment  Patient Centered Focus

CUW SOP Experiential program:  week units (4 required/ 3 elective) Ambulatory care Community Hospital Adult inpatient ○ Infectious DiseaseEndocrinology ○ GeriatricsRespiratory ○ PediatricsPsychiatry ○ Internal medicineIntensive Care ○ CardiologyPain Management ○ OncologyWomen’s Health

Elective Experiential program:  Academic  Pharmaceutical Industry  Government Agencies  State/National Pharmacy Associations  Insurance Companies  Management

CUW SOP Program  98 credit hours of didactic courses (95 to 100)  50 credit hours of experiential course (30 to 35% of the curriculum)  148 Total Credit Hours (Range )

Post Graduate Programs:  Residency PGY-1 PGY-2  Graduate Degrees Masters Ph.D.  Fellowships

Children’s Hospital Wisconsin

Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center

Froedtert Hospital

Wheaton Franciscan St. Joseph’s Hospital

Interprofessional Education:  Definition: When students from two of more professions learn about, from and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. (WHO 2010)

Interprofessional Education:  Core Competencies: Values/Ethics Roles/Responsibilities Interprofessional Communication Interprofessional Teamwork

Interprofessional Education:  Value/Ethics- Specific Competencies Place the interest of patients and population at the center of interprofessional health care delivery. Respect the dignity and privacy of patients while maintaining confidentiality in the delivery of team-based care. Manage ethical dilemmas specific to interprofessional patient/population centered care situations.

Interprofessional Education:  Roles/Responsibilities-Specific competencies Communicate one’s roles and responsibilities clearly to patient, families and other professionals. Recognize one’s limitations in skills, knowledge and abilities. Use unique and complementary abilities of all members of the team to optimize patient care. Engage in continuous professinal and interprofessional development to enhance team performance.

Interprofessional Education:  Interprofessional Communication- Specific Competencies Choose effective communication tools and techniques, including informations systems and technologies to facilitate discussions and interactions that enhance team function. Organize and communicate with patients, families, and healthcare team members in a form that is understandable. Listen actively, and encourage ideas and opinions of other team members. Give timely, sensitive, instructive feedback to others about their performance on the team.

Interprofessional Education:  Interprofessional Teamwork-specific competencies Engage other health professionals-appropriate to the specific care situation-in shared patient-centered problem-solving. Integrate the knowledge and experience of other professions-appropriate to the specific care situation-to inform care decisions, while respecting patient and community values and priorities/preferences for care. Engage self and others to constructively manage disagreements about values, roles goals and actions that arise among healthcare professionals and with patients and families. Share accountability with other professions, patients, and communities for outcomes relevant to prevention and health care.

Interprofessional Education:  Desired principles: Patient/family centered Relationship focused Process orientated Linked to learning activities, educational strategies, and behavioral assessments that are developmentally appropriate for the learner.

Interprofessional Education:  Desired Principles (con’t) Able to be integrated across the learning continuum Applicable across professions State in language common and meaningful across the professions Outcome Driven

IPE Methods:  Journal Clubs  Case Studies  Simulations  Design Courses  Clinical Settings  Medical Homes

Summary  Evolved from product centered to patient centered.  Accredited by ACPE re-evaluate pharmacy education and the methods for measuring, assuring and improving quality.  Interprofessional Education

Special Thank You To:  Xin Hua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University

Source: qualityalliance.org/node/189