Chapter 15 – The Biosphere Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

Climate Biomes 10 20 30 40 50 Life in the Earth System Marine Ecosystems Estuaries and Freshwater Ecosystems 10 20 30 40 50

Question 1 - 10 Name the part of Earth where life exists.

Answer 1 – 10 Biosphere

Question 1 - 20 Name the 4 interconnected Earth systems.

Answer 1 – 20 Biosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere

Question 1 - 30 Explain the relationship between the biota and the biosphere.

Answer 1 – 30 The biota makes up the living portion of the biosphere. The biosphere also includes the abiotic factors such as land, air, and water.

Question 1 - 40 A frog jumps into a pond and its skin absorbs water. What spheres has the water moved through?

Answer 1 – 40 Hydrosphere and Biosphere

Question 1 - 50 James Lovelock developed this theory which considers Earth itself a kind of living organism.

Answer 1 – 50 Gaia hypothesis

Question 2 - 10 Name the three climate zones

Answer 2 – 10 Polar Temperate Tropical

Question 2 - 20 What is the difference between climate and weather?

Answer 2 – 20 Weather describes the conditions (temperature, precipitation, wind conditions, etc.) on a day-to-day basis. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather.

Question 2 - 30 A climate of a small specific place within a larger area

Answer 2 – 30 Microclimate

Question 2 - 40 What two factors influence the angle at which the rays of sunlight come in contact with the Earth’s surface?

Answer 2 – 40 The spherical shape of the planet The tilt of the Earth on its axis

Question 2 - 50 Explain the influence that mountains have on rainfall on both the windward (facing the wind) and the downwind side of the mountain.

Answer 2 – 50 As warm air approaches the mountain it rises and cools causing rain on the windward side The downwind side then receives drier and cooler air

Question 3 - 10 This biome has very dry climate (less than 25cm annually). There are 4 types: hot, semiarid, coastal, and cold

Answer 3 – 10 Desert

Question 3 - 20 This biome is also known as the boreal forest and is located in cooler climates. It is generally north of the Temperate Forests and South of the Tundra.

Answer 3 – 20 Taiga

Question 3 - 30 This biome can be either Tropical or Temperate and the primary plant life is grass.

Answer 3 – 30 Grassland

Question 3 - 40 This biome is located beyond the taiga in far northern latitudes. Long winters and short summers result in permafrost.

Answer 3 – 40 Tundra

Question 3 - 50 Name the two major Non-Biome Areas and explain why they are not considered Biomes.

Answer 3 – 50 Polar ice caps – no soil or specific plant communitiy Mountains – climate and animal communities change depending on elevation

Question 4 - 10 The strip of land between the high and low tide lines

Answer 4 – 10 Intertidal zone

Question 4 - 20 This ocean zone lies below 2000 meters in complete darkness

Answer 4 – 20 Abyssal Zone

Question 4 - 30 This ocean zone extends from the edge of the neritic zone to the base of the continental shelf

Answer 4 – 30 Bathyal zone

Question 4 - 40 Name and define the two types of Plankton

Answer 4 – 40 Phytoplankton – photosynthetic plankton that produce 70% or more of the Earth’s oxygen Zooplankton – animal plankton

Question 4 - 50 Found in the neritic zone, these forests exist in cold, nutrient-rich waters. They can grow to over 30 meters (100 feet)

Answer 4 – 50 Kelp

Question 5 - 10 A partially enclosed body of water formed where a river flows into an ocean

Answer 5 – 10 Estuary

Question 5 - 20 A region of land that drains into a river, a river system, or another body of water.

Answer 5 – 20 Watershed

Question 5 - 30 The zone in a lake or pond located between high and low water marks along the shoreline.

Answer 5 – 30 Littoral zone

Question 5 - 40 The zone in a lake or pond making up the open water located away from shore characterized by an abundance of plankton communities

Answer 5 – 40 Limnetic zone

Question 5 - 50 The zone in a lake or pond near the bottom where less sunlight reaches and decomposers live in the mud and sand.

Answer 5 – 50 Benthic zone