High Performance Pigments – Selecting the best pigment for different applications. Presentation By: Jadel Baptista Technical Director WCS Jadel Baptista

Formulators Have Been Looking for Organic Shade Bright Yellow Pigments with Superior Lightfastness and Opacity Main used blends: Industrial: Diarylide Yellow PY 83 + Benzimidazolone Yellow PY 151 / PY 154 Architectural: Hansa Yellow PY 65 + Hansa Yellow PY 74 / PY 97 Rationale: Industrial Pigment PY 83 (Red shade yellow) – Opaque, mid level lightfastness (Mass: 6-7 / Tint: 6) Pigment PY 151(Green shade yellow) – Opaque, good lightfastness (Mass: 8 / Tint: 7-8) Pigment PY 154 (Green shade yellow) – Transparent, excellent lightfastness (Mass: 8 / Tint: 8) Architectural Pigment PY 65 (Red shade yellow) – Transparent, good lightfastness (Mass: 7-8 / Tint: 7) Pigment PY 74 (Green shade yellow) – Opaque, mid level lightfastness (Mass: 7-8 / Tint: 6) Pigment PY 97 (Green shade yellow) – Transparent, good lightfastness (Mass: 7-8 / Tint: 7) WCS Jadel Baptista

INDUSTRIAL COATINGS PY 151 PY 154 PY 83 (Op) PY 83 (Trans) Good opacity and lightfastness Excellent lightfastness Excellent opacity Mid level lightfastness Poor opacity Mid level lightfastness Result of blend: Dull masstone and poor tint lightfastness WCS Jadel Baptista

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS PY 65 PY 97 PY 74 Good opacity Mid level lightfastness Poor opacity Good lightfastness Poor opacity Good lightfastness WCS Jadel Baptista

How can we get a red shade yellow with excellent lightfastness and acceptable opacity? High Opacity PY 110 PY 83(Op) PY 110 (Op) PY110 (Trans) PY 65 WCS Jadel Baptista

PY 110 – ISOINDOLINONE YELLOW Tetrachloro structure – Very stable molecule Excellent brightness and tinting strength Good “in can” storage in dispersions containing aluminum pigment Used in automotive finishes – Metallic (transparent) and solid shade Used in general industrial, printing inks, and plastics. Good heat stability – 570o F (Plastics- HDPE) and 390o F (Coatings – Alkyd melamine) FDA approved (Section 178.3297) WCS Jadel Baptista

PY 110 – ISOINDOLINONE YELLOW BENCHMARKING – COMPETITIVE PIGMENTS STRENGTH – CIEL*a*b*, Integrated method, D65 Illuminant, 10 Deg. Observer. CONTRAST RATIO – Opacity difference over black (STD) vs over white – The lower the difference the higher the opacity. LIGHTFASTNESS (XENON-ARC) – ASTM G155 – Tint and Masstone, WB Acrylic PU, Energy: 0.35W/m2, Total Time: 2000 hours. Checked 500 hours intervals - Masstone DE variations were found due to the specimens locations during xenon arc exposure. SIX(6) PIGMENTS TESTED: A – F PIGMENT “A” IS THE SUBJECT PIGMENT (STD) WCS Jadel Baptista

PY 110 – ISOINDOLINONE YELLOW BENCHMARKING – COMPETITIVE PIGMENTS LIGHTFASTNESS MASS TINT IDENTIFICATION STR OPACITY DE F 109 43.7 (1) 5.41 (4) 0.65 (3) 93 (2) E 102 36.7 (4) 2.91 (6) 0.52 (5) 97 (5) D 104 40.2 (2) 7.14 (1) 0.80 (1) 92 (1) C 114 37.3 (3) 6.03 (3) 0.56 (4) 95 (3) B 103 34.8 (5) 6.72 (2) 0.75 (2) 98(6) A 100 32.7 (6) 4.79 (5) 0.49 (6) 96 (4) WCS Jadel Baptista

PY 110 – ISOINDOLINONE YELLOW BENCHMARKING COMPETITIVE PIGMENTS Opacity and lightfastness considered most important attributes LIGHTFASTNESS MASS TINT IDENTIFICATION STR OPACITY DE F 109 43.7 (1) 5.41 (4) 0.65 (3) 93 (2) E 102 36.7 (4) 2.91 (6) 0.52 (5) 97 (5) D 104 40.2 (2) 7.14 (1) 0.80 (1) 92 (1) C 114 37.3 (3) 6.03 (3) 0.56 (4) 95 (3) B 103 34.8 (5) 6.72 (2) 0.75 (2) 98(6) A 100 32.7 (6) 4.79 (5) 0.49 (6) 96 (4) F = (1 + 4 + 3 + 2) / 4 = 2.25 E= (4 + 6 + 5 + 5) / 4 = 5.00 D= (2 + 1 + 1 + 1) / 4 = 1.25 C= (3 + 3 + 4 + 3) / 4 = 3.25 B= (5 + 2 + 2 + 6) / 4 = 3.75 A = (6 +5 + 6 + 4) / 4 = 5.25 A E B C F D 1 WORSE 6 BEST WCS Jadel Baptista

CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS Results showed correlation between STR and Contrast Ratio – The higher the opacity the lower the strength. PY 110 has similar opacity to PY 65 and PY 154, with better lightfastness properties. The combination of PY 110 and PY 151 is the best possible to achieve good lightfastness and opacity. PY 110 has very good brightness in masstone. Due to the PY 110 being redder than PY65 and PY83, it can be used in lower quantity when blended with green shade yellow. Providing room for better opacity. Good selection of PY 110 source is recommended before starting a project. Wide variations in opacity and lightfastness were found between different suppliers. PY 110 is still considered a high cost pigment, however for applications that require excellent lightfastness properties, the PY 110 is certainly an option. WCS Jadel Baptista

Thank You! WCS Jadel Baptista