Basic Instructor Course TCOLE # Prepared by Deputy Chief George D. Little, BCCO PCT # HOSTED BY: Bexar County Sheriff’s Office Training Academy Texas Commission On Law Enforcement UNIT FIVE & UNIT SIX PARTICIPANTHANDOUT

UNIT FIVE 5.0 four phases of the teaching- learning process 5.0 Obtain a working knowledge of the four phases of the teaching- learning process: 1.Preparation, 2.Presentation, 3.Application and 4.Evaluation.

Phases of the Teaching-Learning Process The Three Elements of the Preparation Phase I. I. Preparation of the Instructor A. Review the objectives of the entire learning activity B. _________ and __________ all reference material available 3 “I’m ready to teach, are you ready to learn?”

5.1.1 Preparation of the Instructor – Continued: 4 C. ________ factors affecting instruction. These include: 1)__________ available 2)_________________ conditions 3)Availability of assistant instructors 4)_________________ and facilities ________________ D. ________________ the lesson

5.1.2 Phases of the Teaching- Learning Process Phases of the Teaching- Learning Process The Three Elements of the Preparation Phase II. _____________ of the Participant A. ______________ motivation B. Create a desire to __________ C. Develop an understanding of the ____________ D. Stimulate ________________ appreciation of the material 5

III. Preparation of the ______________ Environment A. Secure instructional ________ and facilities needed B. Check ________ ______ and facilities prior to class Phases of the Teaching-Learning Process The Three Elements of the Preparation Phase

Phases of the Teaching-Learning Process The Three Elements of the Presentation Phase ____________ Body of material or presentation of ___________ points ___________ points ______________ 7 Basic Police Instructor Course #1014 Introduction Body of

5.3.1 The Application Phase A. applying knowledge - _________ A. “_________ _____or techniques and applying knowledge to _________ - _________ in a way that allows a student to ‘learn while doing’.” 8

The _______________ phase reinforces the cognitive learning process by: B. Allowing the participant to learn new _________ by associating new __________________ with one’s experiential background. 5.4 Application Phase Reinforce Cognitive A. A. Allowing for the support of _____ and _______ thinking

5.5.1 psychomotor/skill l earning The application phase reinforces the psychomotor/skill l earning process by: application phase is used to reinforce psychomotor/skill learning. A. A. Gaining a ________ concept B. B. Developing a _________ C. C. Practicing the skill for accuracy and speed

Skills are best developed by: A. A. Spending ____ percent of teaching time telling about the skill 5.5 application phase is used to reinforce psychomotor/skill lear ning….Cont’d ____ B. ____ percent of teaching time correctly demonstrating the skill C. ____ C. ____ percent of the remaining teaching time in proper guided practice

5.6 Evaluation Phase level of __________ The evaluation phase is the __________ of a participants level of __________ and ____________ of training material The instructor is determining how much learning has taken place.

The Three elements of the evaluation phase are 5.7 Evaluation Phase A. A. Preparing an _____________ instrument B. B. Administering an ____________ or performance review C. C. Evaluating the __________

UNIT SIX OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

6.0 Learning Goals & Objectives learning ______ learning _____________Working knowledge of difference between a learning ______ and a learning _____________ Define a learning objectiveDefine a learning objective and its proper use List the parts learning objectiveList the parts of a proper prepared learning objective.

6.1.1 Learning Goal goal A learning goal is a broad, imprecise description of what is to be learned. 16 A. A. It tells participant what they will ______ during a particular block of instruction B. B. what the ___________ is about C. Goal C. Uses the Learning Objective to accomplish the __________ Goal.

6.2 Learning Objectives ____________ of specific performances to be exhibited before competent in the area instructor ________ for instructor and participant to determine if goal has been reached.

Are statements that describe specific ________ required to reach the goal of a particular lesson or course objectives learning goal Learning Objectives – Cont’d A learning objective is an outcome of instruction; it is not a description of the instructional process.

Each objective 6.2 Learning Objectives Continued ____________ stated____________ stated clearly ____________clearly ____________ ____________________________ and ______________.______________.

Must include achieve predetermined levels of proficiencya ___________ of the procedures needed to achieve predetermined levels of proficiency and 6.2 Learning Objectives Continued operational _______should include any operational _______ which must be achieved to complete the training.

6.2.6 Learning Objective is an Outcome of Instruction A.“In the usual situation, a performance objective consists of three elements: (1.) the ________ (action); (2) the _____________ under which the action is to be performed; and (3) the _____________ of criteria of performance.” (Criminal Justice Instructional Techniques, Klotter, Rosenfeld, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL )

B. “____________” of operational behavior required for satisfactory performance of a task, the Learning Objective is an Outcome of Instruction ______________ under which the behavior is usually performed, and the ____________ for satisfactory performance.” (Nystrom, Bobbs- Merrill Education Publishing, 1977.)

6.2.8 Criminal Justice Instructional Techniques three elements “In the usual situation, a performance objective consists of three elements: TASKthe TASK (action); CONDITIONSthe CONDITIONS under which the action is to be performed; and STANDARDS OF CRITERIAthe STANDARDS OF CRITERIA of performance.” 23

Learning Objectives – Cont’d TASK,CONDITIONS CRITERIA “Statements of operational behavior required for satisfactory performance of a TASK, the CONDITIONS under which the behavior is usually performed, and the CRITERIA for satisfactory performance.” 24

Learning Objectives – Cont’d A learning objective is: 25 2.) _______________ 2.) To a precise _______________ 3.) ________________ 3.) Under well-defined ________________ A. An exact description of: 1.) 1.) A measurable participant __________________ (visible or audible)

A learning objective is: B. foundation B. Provides the foundation upon which the lesson plan is built C. tell the student exactly C. Learning objectives tell the student exactly: 1.) ______ 1.) ______ they must do to pass the course 2.) ______ 2.) ______ well they must do it 3.) _______________ 3.) Under what _______________

6.3.1 know what they can expect from a block of instruction what is expected from them Participants can use learning objectives to know what they can expect from a block of instruction and what is expected from them. 27 Learning Objectives – Cont’d

Instructors can use learning objectives to Instructors can use learning objectives to : A. ________________ A. ________________ to the training B. ____________ B. ____________ (Inspire) learning C. C. Keep track while teaching D. ________________ D. ________________ progress E. E. Indicate changes needed in future classes Learning Objectives – Cont’d

Provide a solid foundation for the selection or design of instructional materials, content and methods ___________ ________ If you do not know where you are going, it is difficult to decide the best way to get there.” Provide a set of ___________ or ________. “If you do not know where you are going, it is difficult to decide the best way to get there.”

Learning Objectives – Cont’d evaluating whether or not the objective has been achieved Assists the trainer in evaluating whether or not the objective has been achieved achieving the objectives Provides participant with a means to organize their own efforts toward achieving the objectives.

Components of Learning Objective proper use in developing valid performance measures ________ ________ Main Components of Performance objectives A. A. Performance 1._____ 1. The _____ element to a well written learning objective 2.______________ 2. Must be ______________.

6.4.1 Three Three Main Components of Performance objectives…Cont’d C. Special Conditions B. The B. The Standards, and

A.what A. This is simply what you want the student to do to show they have learned ! B. ______________________ B. They must be able to measure the _____________ or the _________ They must be able to see or hear it, or must be able to see the results if performance is mental or too fast to see PERFORMANCE “PERFORMANCE”

2. 2. Or, must be able to see the results if performance is mental or too fast to see PERFORMANCE “PERFORMANCE”….Cont’d a. mathematical computations shooting b. shooting Example Example : The student will run.

C. actually be doing on the job C. Should come as close as possible to what they will actually be doing on the job PERFORMANCE “PERFORMANCE” - Cont’d D.__________ ______________ D. Must use __________ words that describe something ______________. _________ 1. Cannot use _________ terms or verbs. know, understand, agree, appreciate, enjoy, believe Examples: know, understand, agree, appreciate, enjoy, believe

2. 2. Use terms or verbs that can ______________ performance PERFORMANCE “PERFORMANCE” - Cont’d a. __________ verbs that require something to be done. b. _________ b. Define performance you _________ from participant.

E. E. Many levels of performance exist. _________ well enough to perform as you expect 1.Choose level that allows you to determine if the participant _________ well enough to perform as you expect Performance Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain

E. E. Many levels of performance exist. 2. ___________ Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain 2.In 1956, ___________ ________ created the Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain Performance Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain a. a. Labeled six (6) levels of ________________.

Six (6) level of performance. 1. ________________ 1. ________________ : remembering previously learned material, from specific facts to complete theories (you remember) Performance Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain 2. _________________ 2. _________________ : grasping the meaning of the material (you understand).

3. 3. ________________: using learned material in new situations (you use) Performance Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain 4. _______________ 4. _______________ : breaking ideas / concepts down into component parts (you se the important parts). 5. ___________ 5. ___________ : putting parts together to form a new whole (you put it all together).

____________ 6. ____________ : judging the value of material for a given purpose (you judge) Performance Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain b. ______ Learning Objectives b. Bloom suggests action ______ to be used in Learning Objectives that fall under each level of performance. Refer to your participant handouts Bloom’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain

42 vague words Examples Do not use vague words, terms or verbs… Examples: know,know, understand,understand, agreeagree, appreciateappreciate, enjoyenjoy, believebelieve Learning Objectives – Performance No Vague words Cont’d What will the student know? What will the student understand? What will the student agree on? What will the student appreciate? What will the student enjoy? What will the student believe? What will the tangible results?

6.4.2 ACTION VERBS Performance Examples: 43 __________,__________, ________,________, __________________

Taxonomy of the Cognitive Doman.In 1956, Benjamin Bloom created the Taxonomy of the Cognitive Doman. Dr. Bloom labeled six (6) levels of performance - choose the levels that allows you to determine if the student learned well enough to perform as you expect. (Revised by Lorin Anderson in 2000) 44 Learning Objectives – Cont’d

Knowledge (you remember) Comprehension (you understand) Application (you use) Analysis (you see the important parts) Synthesis (you put it all together) Evaluation (you judge) List the parts of a report you must always complete. Explain why you must complete report sections 1-10 and Given a set of facts, complete a report. Given information from a witness, distinguish fact from opinion. Given a completed report form, reorganize it to make it correct. Given a completed report, prepare a written critique of it. Simple Complex Report Writing

6.4.2 REPORT WRITING Example Using a dictionary, the student will be able to correctly define 7 out of 10 words on a list. NEXT EXAMPLE define Action Verb: define using a dictionary Condition: using a dictionary 7 10 Standard: 7 out of 10 words on a list

Working in groups, participants will be able to identify the 4 parts of a speech REPORT WRITING Example…..Cont’d NEXT EXAMPLE identify Action Verb: identify working Condition: working in groups 4 Standard: 4 parts of a speech

After listening to the presentation, students will be able to list 3 community resources that provide service to alcohol and drug abusers FINAL EXAMPLE list Action Verb: list after listening to the presentation Condition:after listening to the presentation 3 Standard: 3 community resources

6.4.3 “STANDARDS” This is how well the learner must ________ in order to be considered acceptable. A. The Standard is the minimum level of acceptable performance. how well, how much, how far, how long, B. Tells the students how well, how much, how far, how long, etc. C. This is the pass/fail line; anything below this level means the student fails. 50

D.YOU MUST DEFINE A STANDARD SO PARTICIPOANTS KNOW WHAT IS EXPECTED OF THEM “STANDARDS” –Cont’d must perform error free 1. Without a standard, participants may assume they must perform error free. sets the bar 2. The standard sets the bar for the participant. ______________

RUN FOREST……RUN in 15 or less! 15 Example: The student will run one and one half miles in 15 minutes or less.

B.Standard ____________ Clarifies the Standard or limits it to ensure the student fully understands the pass/fail criteria. 2.__________ 2. __________ the student’s idea of what will be the correct answer. 3. ______________ 3. Usually sets forth the _______ of the ______________ Performance “STANDARDS”

54 a.Documents (Penal Code, Agency Policy & Procedures) b.Class instruction (5 levels of use of Force, 3 types of recognized enforcement action) 4.The modifier and the correct answer can both be part of the Learning Objective Performance “STANDARDS” – Cont’d

6.4.3 EXAMPLE STANDARDS 55 Example 5 levels Example : name the 5 levels of the use of force continuum as: 1.) ______________ Presence 1.) ______________ Presence, 2) ______________ Command 2) ______________ Command, 3)______________ Contact 3) ______________ Contact, 4) 4) Impact Weapons, and 5) 5) deadly Force

PerformanceStandard Performance “CONDITIONS” conditions The important or special conditions under which the performance is to occur. Conditions

A. ____________ other than the norm A. ____________ are anything other than the norm that could effect the student’s performance or ability to meet the standard Performance “CONDITIONS” – Cont’d B. environmental _____________ mental B. These can be environmental, _____________ or mental. C. C. They can be omitted from the Learning Objectives if the student will be performing under normal conditions.

6.6.4 CONDITION EXAMPLES 58 (1) in 15 minutes or less (1) The police cadet will run 1.5 miles in 15 minutes or less carrying a shotgun and wearing a “tactical vest, tactical utility belt and service weapon”. (2) student will write a complete Crash Report. (2) Given a set of field notes from an accident – including measurements, photographs, evidence log, subject and witness interviews, etc. – the student will write a complete Crash Report.

6.5.1 Developing & Writing Learning Objectives 59 A. A. Well written Learning Objectives will contain: 1.) ______________ 1.) Measurable ______________ 2.) ________________ 2.) Precise ________________ 3.) _____________ 3.) Well-defined _____________

60 When writing a learning objective, ask yourself the following question: Developing & Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d What should the participant learn, be able to do, or what new behavior should be evident as the result of the training? “What should the participant learn, be able to do, or what new behavior should be evident as the result of the training?”

Class Exercise - Performance Quiz Which of the following Learning Objectives use valid action verbs?

1. Understand the principles of defensive tactics. 1. Understand the principles of defensive tactics. 2. Name the five levels of the use of force continuum found in department policy Analyze the facts of an internal affairs investigation and recommend a disposition 4. Completely disassemble, clean, and re- assemble the Colt Government Model pistol. 5. Appreciate the environment factors that lead to high crime areas.

6.5.1 ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives 63 1._______ and to the _________ one 1. Be _______ and to the _________ ; include only one major item in each learning objective Use an action verb to describe the expected result of the training Specify a ______ ________ or target date for completion.

64 4.____________ 4. Specify ____________ in the use of resources (manuals, people, equipment, etc.) Make learning objective _________ in terms of previous performance, total responsibilities, and existing resources ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d

Include enough challenge in an improvement or change objective to make it worth formulating.. 7. _____________________ 7. Write learning objectives that are __________ and ___________ with the overall lesson or material taught. 8. has ________________ 8. Choose areas over which the student has _______or _________ ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d

66 D. ________________ and framework D. Provide the ________________ and framework upon which you build your lesson plans. E. organized E. Keep you organized. F. unnecessary information exercises F. Avoid unnecessary information and exercises ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d Knowledge Skill

67 G. Defines the level you must teach to meet the goal G. Defines the level you must teach to for the student to meet the goal set out in the Learning Objective adding relevance and necessity to the lesson Is a _______ to guide you ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d

68 2. _______ 2. It forces you to _______ because it requires you to think about what and how you are going to teach. 3. ________________ 3. It is ________________ of what was taught. 4. ________ 4. It can be ________ with others who may need to teach the material ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d

69 5. not ________ 5. It will not ________ important __________ or material or forget important instructional material. 6. _____________ 6. It can be used to obtain _____________ from others without actually teaching the lesson ( C ) Tips for Writing Learning Objectives – Cont’d