English American Colonies Section 2

England’s Early Exploration John Cabot- sailed to America for England John Cabot- sailed to America for England Arrived in Canada (Nova Scotia) Arrived in Canada (Nova Scotia) Never returned from 2 nd voyage Never returned from 2 nd voyage England doesn’t hunt for colonies (no money, Spain has claim, no gold) England doesn’t hunt for colonies (no money, Spain has claim, no gold)

The Reformation Martin Luther accuses Catholic church of corruption Martin Luther accuses Catholic church of corruption Protestant Reformation begins Protestant Reformation begins Ideas of Luther lengthened by John Calvin Ideas of Luther lengthened by John Calvin Believed that churches should decide their individual leaders, not the pope or king Believed that churches should decide their individual leaders, not the pope or king

The English Reformation Henry VIII is king of England Henry VIII is king of England Wants a male heir Wants a male heir Wife- Catherine of Aragon has a daughter Wife- Catherine of Aragon has a daughter Catherine is the king of Spain’s aunt Catherine is the king of Spain’s aunt Henry wants a divorce Henry wants a divorce The Pope, as leader of the church, will not grant it (didn’t want to trouble Spain) The Pope, as leader of the church, will not grant it (didn’t want to trouble Spain)

The English Reformation Henry starts the Church of England (Anglican) Henry starts the Church of England (Anglican) The Anglican Church kept all of the organization and rituals of the Catholic Church The Anglican Church kept all of the organization and rituals of the Catholic Church Some Anglicans began to want to Purify the Catholic influences Some Anglicans began to want to Purify the Catholic influences Called Puritans Called Puritans

Economic Changes in England lords own land and rent to tenant farmers lords own land and rent to tenant farmers Early 1500s, there is a huge demand for English wool Early 1500s, there is a huge demand for English wool Lords fence in land and start sheep farms Lords fence in land and start sheep farms Called enclosure movement Called enclosure movement Many tenants evicted Many tenants evicted By 1550, wool prices fall By 1550, wool prices fall Joint-stock companies formed to find new market Joint-stock companies formed to find new market Joint-stock company- individuals pool $- share in profit & loss Joint-stock company- individuals pool $- share in profit & loss

Roanoke England supports privateers to raid Spanish shipping England supports privateers to raid Spanish shipping Need a base to function in America Need a base to function in America Walter Raleigh founds a colony to be a base Walter Raleigh founds a colony to be a base Colony called Roanoke Colony called Roanoke Governor of colony goes back to England to get supplies Governor of colony goes back to England to get supplies Delayed 3 years Delayed 3 years When he returns, colony is abandoned When he returns, colony is abandoned

Jamestown - Early Trouble Jamestown founded by Virginia Company Jamestown founded by Virginia Company Most colonists did not know how to hunt, farm, or fish Most colonists did not know how to hunt, farm, or fish Upper-class colonists decline to work Upper-class colonists decline to work A tough leader emerged- John Smith A tough leader emerged- John Smith Traded with home Native Americans for food Traded with home Native Americans for food

Tobacco Saves Jamestown First couple years were tough and unproductive First couple years were tough and unproductive New crop made Jamestown profitable- tobacco New crop made Jamestown profitable- tobacco Tobacco was John Rolfe’s scheme Tobacco was John Rolfe’s scheme

The House of Burgesses To draw settlers, colonists are allowed to elect local officials To draw settlers, colonists are allowed to elect local officials New reprehensive body called House of Burgesses New reprehensive body called House of Burgesses First legislature in the colonies First legislature in the colonies

Headright System Promised 50 acres to anyone who paid for voyage to Jamestown Promised 50 acres to anyone who paid for voyage to Jamestown Also, an additional 50 acres for every person that came with you, over 15 year old Also, an additional 50 acres for every person that came with you, over 15 year old Caused families to immigrate Caused families to immigrate

A Royal Colony Great immigration to Jamestown results in a Native American assault Great immigration to Jamestown results in a Native American assault King is tired of unrest King is tired of unrest Makes Virginia a royal colony Makes Virginia a royal colony Royal colony- overseen by governor who was appointed by the king Royal colony- overseen by governor who was appointed by the king

Founding Maryland Founded by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Founded by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Baltimore is Catholic- but sociable to King James Baltimore is Catholic- but sociable to King James Needs a secure place for Catholics Needs a secure place for Catholics Colony named Maryland Colony named Maryland The majority of settlers were Protestants The majority of settlers were Protestants